In this paper, a dynamic model of road traffic congestion is presented, with an elastic overall demand for morning peak road usage, and with the congestion technology used being ‘flow congestion’. It is demonstrated that in such a case, the optimal time-varying toll should include a ‘flat’, time-invariant component when road users share the same desired arrival time. This has important conseque...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injury patients admitted to 35 hospitals in Lublin region. OBJECTIVE To describe the pattern of road traffic injuries in Lublin county, Poland. METHODS Review of medical records for the period from January 2004 to December 2005. RESULTS Pedestrians accounted for the largest share of the Road traffic crash (RTC) injury cases (35.8%) and 46.4% of deaths. The highest ...

Within the road system, there are compliant road users who may make an error that leads to a crash, resulting in a 'system failure', and there are also road users who deliberately take risks and display dangerous or 'extreme' behaviours that lead to a crash. Crashes resulting from system failures can be addressed through improvements to road system design more readily than crashes resulting fro...