Multi-scale structure of the solar wind in the ecliptic at 1 AU undergoes significant evolution with the phase of the solar cycle. Wind spacecraft measurements during 1995 to 1998 and ACE spacecraft measurements during 1997 to 2005 were used to characterise the evolution of small-scale (∼1 min to 2 h) fluctuations in the solar wind speed vsw, magnetic energy density B2, and solar wind ε paramet...

the steger and warming flux vector splitting implicit scheme is used to numerically solve two dimensional reynolds averaged navier–stokes (rans) equations governing the vortex induced vibration of a flexible riser laterally supported by a spring and a damper. the k–ε model is used as turbulence model to simulate the turbulent flow in the wake of the riser. to update the new position of the rise...

A strategy for dealing with turbulent flows over a two dimensional surface mounted obstacle using the wall y as guidance in selecting the appropriate grid configuration and corresponding turbulence models are investigated using Fluent. The CFD results were compared with experimental data from Zeidan’s Turbulent Shear Recovery behind Obstacles on Smooth and Rough Surfaces. Both undisturbed and d...

Turbulence plays an important role in many chemical engineering processes (fluid flow, mass and heat transfer, chemical reactions) which are dominated by convective transport. Since the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows is still prohibitively expensive, eddy viscosity models based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are commonly employed in CFD codes. One ...

Stratospheric turbulence is important for the mixing of trace species and the energy balance, but direct measurements are sparse due to the required resolution and accuracy. Recently, turbulence parameters such as the energy dissipation rate ε were inferred from standard radiosonde data by means of a Thorpe analysis. To this end, layers with vertically decreasing potential temperature are analy...

Stratified flows are prevalent in indoor and outdoor environments. To predict these flows, this investigation evaluated the performance of seven turbulence models by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data of both weakly and strongly stratified jets. The models tested included six Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models and one Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The ve...