RNA interference (RNAi) is an important mechanism that protects cells of eukaryotic organisms from foreign genetic information and regulates physiological processes. Discovery RNAi development the methods for targeted suppression expression individual genes have opened up wide opportunities elucidating gene functions solving many problems in biology, medicine, plant protection. This approach ca...

During its long and rich history, medical sciences have undergone several changes of paradigms. In this quest to develop more potent drugs, less invasive surgical techniques and more sophisticated diagnostic approaches (among other goals) medicine has contributed decisively to our well being and longevity. Some of these major accomplishments, which altered the course of humanity are: the develo...

Abstract High fish predation pressure can trigger “induced defense” in Daphnia species, resulting phenotypic plasticity morphology, behavior, or life-history traits. The molecular mechanisms of defense morphogenesis (e.g., the tail spine and helmet) remain unclear. In present study, spine, helmet, body galeata under non-fish kairomones conditions were collected for transcriptome analysis. A tot...

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved eukaryotic gene regulatory mechanism that uses small noncoding RNAs to mediate posttranscriptional/transcriptional gene silencing. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa have served as important model systems for RNAi research. Studies on these two organisms and other fungi have contributed significantly to...

RNA interference (RNAi) has a range of physiological functions including as a defence mechanism against viruses. To protect uninfected cells in a multicellular organism, not only a cell-autonomous RNAi response is required but also a systemic one. However, the route of RNA spread in systemic RNAi remains unclear. Here we show that phagocytosis can be a route for double-stranded RNA uptake. Doub...

RNA interference (RNAi) represents a mechanism invented by nature to protect the genome. In the past few years the field has emerged at a surprisingly high pace. RNA interference (RNAi) has advanced from its basic discovery in lower organisms to becoming a powerful genetic tool and perhaps our single most promising bio therapeutic for a wide array of diseases. Numerous studies document RNAi eff...

RNA interference (RNAi) in the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, occurs systemically. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) provided in the diet can be absorbed from the gut lumen and distributed throughout the body, triggering RNAi in tissues that are not exposed to the initial dsRNA trigger. This is in marked contrast to other animals, in which RNAi does not spread from targeted tissues to neighbo...

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are critical for the detection and inhibition of RNA virus replication in insects. Recent work has also implicated RNAi pathways in the establishment of persistent virus infections and in the control of DNA virus replication. Accumulating evidence suggests that diverse double-stranded RNAs produced by RNA and DNA viruses ca...

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionary conserved mechanism by which small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)--termed small interfering RNA (siRNA)--inhibit translation or degrade complementary mRNA sequences. Identifying features and enzymatic components of the RNAi pathway have led to the design of highly-effective siRNA molecules for laboratory and therapeutic application. RNA activation (RNAa) ...

RNA interference (RNAi) regulates gene expression by sequence-specific destruction of RNA. It acts as a defense mechanism against viruses and represses the expression of transposable elements (TEs) and some endogenous genes. We report that mutations and transgene constructs that condition cell death suppress RNA interference in adjacent cells in Drosophila melanogaster. The reversal of RNAi is ...