Stream¯ow simulations for 23 major river basins from the third-generation general circulation model (GCM) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis are assessed. Precipitation and runo€ data are used from the AMIP II simulation in which the GCM is integrated for a 17-yr period with speci®c sea surface temperatures and sea-ice concentrations. Compared to the observations, the com...

BACKGROUND Mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin has become the main intervention to control onchocerciasis or "river blindness". In Togo, after many years of MDA, Onchocerca volvulus infection has declined dramatically, and elimination appears achievable, but in certain river basins the current situation remains unknown. We have conducted parasitological, serological, ophthalmological, ...

As mentioned in Chapter 1, the main issues in trans-boundary river basins are scarcity of water and externalities from upstream to downstream. For instance, excessive water consumption of upstream countries might deprive the right of water consumption for downstream countries. Another prominent issue is that upstream countries could pollute the trans-boundary river carelessly without taking int...

physiographic characteristics and climatic conditions are factors which contributing to river flow regime and understanding of relations between these factors and river flow in a basin result in its application for the ungauged sub-basins river flow prediction. in this research the relation between physiographic and climatic parameters of golestan province and rivers flow were examined by appli...

The invertebrate communities of the northern Chilean rivers are characterised by their marked endemism andspecificity of their community structure in different basins. The river systems located in the Atacama Desert are endorheicand are affected by the rainy period of January-February commonly known as the “Bolivian winter“. The present study isthe first report on the observations of arthropods...

Comprehensive understanding of the long-term trends and seasonality of water quality is important for controlling water pollution. This study focuses on spatio-temporal distributions, long-term trends, and seasonality of water quality in the Yangtze River basin using a combination of the seasonal Mann-Kendall test and time-series decomposition. The used weekly water quality data were from 17 en...

Intensive land use and far-reaching alterations to the fluvial hydrosystem, made feasible by technological developments in the past century, have reduced the hydromorphological resilience of the Rhine and Meuse river basins. Because the hydromorphodynamic processes could be controlled to a greater extent, residents of the riverine areas lost their sense of the natural dynamics of river systems,...

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation in the Baisha River and Longxi River basins, in Dujiangyan County, China. There were several debris flow events in these mountainous river basins after 2008. Currently, these damaged vegetation areas are in various stages of recovery. This recovery vegetation improves the resistance of slopes to both surficial erosion and mass was...

Climate change is a global issue that draws widespread attention from the international society. As an important component of the climate system, the water cycle is directly affected by climate change. Thus, it is very important to study the influences of climate change on the basin water cycle with respect to maintenance of healthy rivers, sustainable use of water resources, and sustainable so...

One significant problem of transboundary river basins causing various challenges and disputes throughout the world is that because of increasing water resource variability and consumption, the water demand often exceeds water availability. Hence, one of the main challenges in transboundary river basin management is how to allocate the available water among the riparian states equitably and reas...