Deep beneath the seafloor, microbial communities thrive on the leftovers of organic material that in the past settled down from the surface layers of the ocean to the sediment. As the organic matter was buried deeper and deeper over geological time it became increasingly recalcitrant to microbial degradation. Microbial cells that still persist in these ancient deposits appear to survive at the ...

Riser sleeves are an effective tool in the steel foundry industry for minimizing riser size and increasing casting yield. Reliable simulation of the performance of riser sleeves requires accurate temperature dependent thermophysical properties. Unfortunately there is little or no such property data available in the open literature. A limited number of sleeve manufacturers provide advice and pro...

P.Ragothaman,[email protected] Dr.N.V.Mahalakshmi,[email protected] Institute for Energy Studies, Anna University, Chennai-25,Tamilnadu, India. P.sudhakar,[email protected] Abstract Circulating fluidized bed reactors are widely applied in industry for power generation in boilers and gasifier. Computational Fluid dynamics modeling of hydrodynamics and heat transfer can be an effe...

The growth of biotechnology has led to renewed interest in the possibility of enriching valuable bioproducts using foam fractionation. This is a separation process in which surface active molecules are separated from a solution by sparging through bubbles of gas. Adsorption of such molecules at the gas/liquid interface causes enrichment in the foam formed above the liquid pool. Previous work ha...

OBJECTIVE Stair-riser banners are twice as effective as posters in encouraging stair climbing in shopping centres. This study tested the effectiveness of stair-riser banners in an English train station in 2006-2007. METHOD The train station had a 39-step staircase and an adjacent escalator. Baseline observations (3.5 weeks) were followed by 10.5 weeks of a banner intervention supplemented wit...

In the hilly regions of China, developing sustainable agriculture requires implementing conservation management practices that prevent soil erosion and conserve soil and water resources. In the semiarid northwest Loess Plateau, the primary conservation management practice is terracing. Numerical simulation of soil water dynamics in terraces is potentially an efficient means of investigating the...

In pipeline-riser systems, pressure fluctuations which result from the formation of large liquid slugs and gas surges due to operational changes or low mass flow rate from production wells and the profile of pipeline-riser systems often lead to trips at the inlet of the separator; and thereby, the problem causes a a loss of the production.In this study, on a sample deep-water oil field off the ...

In standard diffraction theory it is assumed that the water depth is constant and that the seabed is infinitely large. To account for a local varying bathymetry in shallow water (as it can occur for offshore LNG terminals) it is sometimes considered to introduce a second fixed body on the seabed representing this bathymetry in diffraction theory. Based on the results presented in this paper it ...

In past decades, considerable effort has been devoted to the phenomenon of wave-induced liquefaction, because it is one of the most important factors for analysing the seabed and designing marine structures. As waves propagate and fluctuate over the ocean surface, energy is carried within the medium of the water particles. This energy could be transmitted into the seabed, which results in the r...