In common engineering practice, foundation–soil–foundation interaction of shallow foundations is frequently ignored. This presumably for cost/benefit reasons, since computationally demanding finite-element and/or boundary element models are required that purpose, and its effects usually assumed to be negligible. this sense, the present paper provides a simple inexpensive way incorporating throu...

the pile-raft foundation is a combination of a raft foundation with piles. pile-raft foundation has been widely designed, assuming all structure loads to be transferred to piles without considering contribution of the load taken by contact surface between raft and soil. methods of analysis currently used in practice are based upon relatively conservative assumptions of soil behavior or on the l...

Foundation design must satisfy limited values of settlement. Settlement is an essential criterion in the design process of shallow foundations. To calculate the settlement under different types of shallow foundations, 79 samples were taken from twenty-three sites distributed in three regions: Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah in the northern, central and southern parts of Iraq. Field and laboratory tes...