An analytic solution to the problem of plane wave scattering by an achiral multilayered sphere in a host chiral medium is obtained in this paper. By applying the radiation-to-scattering transform, the scattering problem can be considered as the specific radiation problems where the radiated source equivalent to the electromagnetic plane wave is located at infinity. The volumetric currents which...

We describe the Submillimeter Array (SMA) Polarimeter, a polarization converter and feed multiplexer installed on the SMA. The polarimeter uses narrow-band quarter-wave plates to generate circular polarization sensitivity from the linearly-polarized SMA feeds. The wave plates are mounted in rotation stages under computer control so that the polarization handedness of each antenna is rapidly sel...

Circular Polarization is a method in which the electric field of the passing wave does not change the strength but only changes direction in a rotary manner. Circular polarization may be referred to as right-handed or lefthanded, and clockwise or anti-clockwise, depending on the direction in which the electric field vector rotates. Circular polarization is often used erroneously to describe mix...

We revisit the classification of polarization observables of the cosmic microwave background. There exists a unified approach to the 3 × 3 density matrix by which intensity, linear and circular polarization are treated on an equal footing. The representations of the rotation group on the sphere contain certain right-left setup symmetries which have not been taken into account before. Left-right...

High resolution studies of circular polarization allow us see where it arises in a jet, study its local fractional level and spectrum, and compare these results to local measures of linear polarization and Faraday rotation. Here we not only review past results from Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) circular polarization studies, but we also present preliminary new results on two quasars. In the c...

We present five epochs of 15 GHz VLBA observations of 13 AGN. These observations were specially calibrated to detect parsec-scale circular polarization and our calibration techniques are discussed and analyzed in detail. We obtained reliable detections of parsec-scale circular polarization in the radio jets of four AGN: 3C 84, PKS 0528+134, 3C 273, and 3C 279. For each of these objects our dete...

We present a modification of the geometrical optics method, which allows one to properly separate the complex amplitude and the phase of the wave solution. Appling this modification to a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium, we show that in the first geometrical optics approximation the medium is weakly anisotropic. The refractive index, being dependent on the direction of the wave vector, c...

We report here BIMA array observations of linear polarization in Sagittarius A*, the compact radio source in the Galactic Center. These observations had a resolution of 20 × 5 oriented North-South. We do not detect linear or circular polarization at a level of 1.8% (1-σ) at 112 GHz. This puts a new constraint on models that show a sharp change in linear polarization fraction at 100 GHz. Subject...

The first-ever dual-frequency multi-constellation Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) polarimetric measurements over boreal forests and lakes from the stratosphere are presented. Data were collected during the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB)/European Space Agency (ESA) sponsored Balloon Experiments for University Students (BEXUS) 19 stratospheric balloon experiment us...