Background: Variations in the number of ribs and vertebrae have been noted in other wise normal looking people with some having supernumerary while others subnumerary. Sternal variations and anomalies though have not been as widely documented. These are two cases with one having a combination of sternal anomalies, supernumerary thoracic vertebrae and ribs and subnumerary lumbar vertebrae while ...

The mechanisms of respiratory action of the intercostal muscles were studied by measuring the effect of external forces (F) applied to the ribs and by modeling the effect of F exerted by the intercostal muscles. In five dogs, with the airway occluded, cranial F were applied to individual rib pairs, from the 2nd to the 11th rib pair, and the change in airway opening pressure (Pao) was measured. ...

The new ReA3 re-accelerated beam facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) will provide high quality radioactive ion beams (RIBs), produced from fast fragmentation reactions, at energies around the Coulomb barrier. These radioactive isotopes can have exotic properties such as neutron/proton skins, halos, or unexpected changes in their shell structure. ReA3 will allow ...

Both conventional and negative Poisson's ratio foams exhibit dispersion of acoustic waves as well as cut-off frequencies at which the group velocity tends to zero. This macroscopic behavior is attributed to micro-vibration of the foam cell ribs. The purpose of this article is to develop a micromechanical model of the cut-off frequency. This model is based on the resonance of ribs which may be s...

1. Praprotnik S, Rozman B, Tomsic M. New issues in tuberculosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:795. 2. Carmona L, Hernandez-Garcia C, Vadillo C et al. Increased risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1436–9. 3. Wolfe F, Michaud K, Anderson J, Urbansky K. Tuberculosis infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of infliximab therapy. Arthritis ...

CFD analysis of 2-dimensional artificially roughened solar air heater duct with additional circular vortex generator, inserted in inlet section is carried out. Circular transverse ribs on the absorber plate are placed as usual. The analysis is done to investigate the effect of inserting additional vortex generator on the heat transfer and flow friction characteristics inside the solar air heate...

The current hypothesis regarding the mechanics of breathing in crocodylians is that the double-headed ribs, with both a capitulum and tuberculum, rotate about a constrained axis passing through the two articulations; moreover, this axis shifts in the caudal thoracic ribs, as the vertebral parapophysis moves from the centrum to the transverse process. Additionally, the ventral ribcage in crocody...

The traditional view that all parts of the ribs originate from the sclerotome of the thoracic somites has recently been challenged by an alternative view suggesting that only the proximal rib derives from the sclerotome, while the distal rib arises from regions of the dermomyotome. In view of this continuing controversy and to learn more about the cell interactions during rib morphogenesis, thi...

Cervical ribs in man are anomalous structures Lather than examples of evolution or reversion. rhe embryological formation of supernumerary ribs is attributed to a conflict between forming plexuses and ribs. In high forms the limb buds cover several vertebral segments, the nerves from which grow into the buds. The nerves have to follow an oblique course before entering the ouds due to a differen...

A 4-year-old intact female, mixed breed dog was presented with a complaint of dyspnea. Clinical examination revealed symptoms related to disease of the upper airways. Radiographic findings were consistent with tracheal collapse associated with anomalies involving the seventh cervical vertebra and the first ribs bilaterally. Radiographs were highly suggestive of cervical ribs; computed tomograph...