The reaction of a manganese(V)-oxo porphyrinoid complex with the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 leads to reversible stabilization of the valence tautomer Mn(IV)(O)(π-radical cation). The latter complex, in combination with B(C6F5)3, reacts with ArO-H substrates via formal hydrogen-atom transfer and exhibits dramatically increased reaction rates over the Mn(V)(O) starting material.

The combination of different monomer classes has been sought after to access a wider range brush copolymers owing their unique properties derived from dense macromolecular structures. Herein, we report the synthesis 2-oxazoline (RAFTOx) containing chain transfer agent at 2-position and its subsequent utilization in reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. With aim...

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite of folic acid indicated in the treatment of a variety of cancers. The electrochemical behaviour of MTX on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated. The MTX oxidation is a complex, pH-dependent, diffusion-controlled irreversible process and proceeds with the transfer of two electrons and two protons and the formation of one electroactive product, 7-hydro...

The Q-cycle mechanism of the bc1 complex explains how the electron transfer from ubihydroquinone (quinol, QH2) to cytochrome (cyt) c (or c2 in bacteria) is coupled to the pumping of protons across the membrane. The efficiency of proton pumping depends on the effectiveness of the bifurcated reaction at the Q(o)-site of the complex. This directs the two electrons from QH2 down two different pathw...

Through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of 3-ethyl-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (C2NVP) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), a series of well-defined P(C2NVP-co-NVP) copolymers were synthesized (Mn = ca. 8000 to 16,000 and Mw/Mn < 1.5) by using a difunctional chain transfer agent, S-(1-methyl-4-hydroxyethyl acetate) O-ethyl xanthate (MHEX). Copolymerizing kinetics...

A poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) chain transfer agent is chain-extended by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) statistical copolymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) with glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) in concentrated aqueous solution via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). A series of five free-standing worm gels is prepared by fixing the overal...

Mainand side-chain sequence-regulated vinyl copolymers with acid and base monomer units were prepared using atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) and alternating radical copolymerization. A series of maleimide-ended sequence-regulated “oligomonomers” were prepared by ATRA of t-butyl acrylate (tBA: Ap) (i.e., a protected acrylic acid (A)) or an amine-functionalized acrylate, (2-(dimethylamino)et...