The development of the tick-borne rickettsial pathogen Cowdria ruminantium (S stock) was studied in bovine umbilical endothelial (BUE) cell cultures and in goat choroid plexus, by light- and electron microscopy. Cowdria divided by binary fission within intracytoplasmic vacuoles resulting in large colonies of reticulate bodies. After three to four days in culture, reticulate bodies developed int...

One of the simplest evolutionary models has molecular sequences evolving from a common ancestor down a bifurcating phylogenetic tree, experiencing point-mutations along the way. However, empirical analyses of different genes indicate that the evolution of genomes is often more complex than can be represented by such a model. Thus, the following problem is of significant interest in molecular ev...

An enzyme linked fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA) has been evaluated for the detection of antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis. Reticulate bodies and elementary bodies from C trachomatis L2/434 strain were used as antigens. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has also been evaluated using the same antigens. Results obtained by ELISA and ELFA for human sera with these two antigens we...

We present a case of conventional/classic type of Erythema abigne (Eai) as a quiz. The diagnosis is straightforward with satisfying the diagnostic “H triad”: 1) history of cold weather, 2) heat source exposures-prolonged and or frequent, and 3) hyper-pigmentation-reticulate dusky erythematous and confined to the exposed sites-, then the diagnosis is outstanding, and a 4 H; confirmatory his topa...

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background: mediodorsal (md) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (snr). in order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon md nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the prese...

The sensitivity and specificity of a newly developed ligase chain reaction (LCR) test kit were examined by the use of highly purified elementary bodies (EBs) and in situ inclusions containing reticulate bodies only. The performance of the LCR kit was compared with a commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test kit, AMPLICOR Chlamydia trachomatis. The number of EBs and inclusions ...

introduction: diode laser irradiation has recently shown promising results for treatment of gingival pigmentation. this study sought to compare the efficacy of 2 diode laser irradiation protocols for treatment of gingival pigmentations, namely the conventional method and the sieve method. methods: in this split-mouth clinical trial, 15 patients with gingival pigmentation were selected and their...

The term “Oro-facial pigmentation” refers to a wide range of lesions or conditions featuring a change of color of Oro-facial tissues. Pigmentation of the Orofacial tissues is seen in certain races or ethnic groups such as Indians, Africans and Europeans. Broadly classifying, Oro-facial pigmentation is divided into endogenous pigmentation and exogenous pigmentation. Endogenous pigmentation is du...