The gap between scientific knowledge and real world practice continues to be a major conundrum for the behavioral sciences. This paper briefly reviews the development of behavioral research and describes problems that have arisen in meeting the goal of improving behavioral interventions through science. Based on published literature and personal observations, the authors argue that behavioral r...

...........................................................................................1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .....................................................................2 ORIGINAL ARTICLES.............................................................................3 PROLOGUE ...........................................................................................4 BACKGROUND......

The paper provides a first survey of the literature on external validity, using as a starting point recent debates regarding the use of randomized evaluations to inform policy. Besides synthesising contributions to the programme evaluation literature we consider definitions of external validity from other sub-disciplines within economics, such as experimental economics and the time-series forec...

OBJECTIVES Clinicians and researchers need an accurate tool assessing contraceptive knowledge in order to understand the effectiveness of teaching efforts. However, most widely used indices are outdated. The objective of this study is to create an evidence-based assessment tool and determine its validity and reliability for measuring contraceptive knowledge. STUDY DESIGN The study team develo...

  Abstract The present study aims to evaluate EFL course contents used in language schools and institutes in Teh-ran. To that end, 230 participants in Tehran were conveniently sampled. At the outset of the study, two questionnaires were given to all groups, and according to their responses, the data were analyzed. Each of the questionnaires was given to participants individually. Each group ...