HIV-1 hijacks and disrupts many processes in the cells it infects in order to suppress antiviral immunity and to facilitate its replication. Resting CD4 T cells are important early targets of HIV-1 infection in which HIV-1 must overcome intrinsic barriers to viral replication. Although resting CD4 T cells are refractory to infection in vitro, local environmental factors within lymphoid and muco...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. It is expected to impose an increasing economic and social burden on human populations. The motor symptoms of PD are well known, including age-dependent uncontrollable resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, posture instability. In the non-motor symptoms, cognitive changes, d...

Glycerol can be converted to 3-HPA and 1,3-propanediol by resting Lactobacillus reuteri. The main catalytic pathway of glycerol is dehydration and reduction. In this study, a novel mathematical model was set up to describe the series reactions of glycerol transformation by L. reuteri. In the model, the cell deactivation rate was proposed by a first order equation with different constants for st...

The VH4 genes expressed by both resting and in vivo-activated subepithelial (SE) B cells from human tonsils were studied. Resting SE B cells were subdivided according to the presence (IgDlow) or absence (IgM-only) of surface IgD. CD27 was abundant on activated SE B cells and low on resting IgM-only B cells. Resting IgDlow SE B cells could be subdivided into CD27low and CD27high cell fractions. ...

Normal endochondral bone formation follows a temporal sequence: immature or resting chondrocytes move away from the resting zone, proliferate, flatten, become arranged into columns, and finally become hypertrophic, disintegrate, and are replaced by bone. The mechanisms that guide this process are incompletely understood, but they include programmed cell death, a stage important in development a...

Latent HIV-1 infection of resting memory CD4(+) T cells represents the major barrier to HIV-1 eradication. To determine whether the CCR7 ligands involved in lymphocyte migration can alter HIV-1 infection of resting CD4(+) T cells, we infected purified resting CD4(+) T cells after incubation with the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. Incubation with CCL19 or CCL21 did not alter markers of T-cell activ...

Recently, there has been a great interest in melanoma and stromal cell-to-cell interactions behind the progressive behavior of melanoma. By vitro co-culturing using sequential seeding conditions imitating niche properties, gained hybrid variants are visualized by high content fluorescent microscopy. The co-culture experiment applied consecutive order primarily plated HDF-RFP-ZeoR fibroblast mon...

P,,, plasma pH, red cell pH, 2,3-DPG, ATP, lactate, pyruvate, and glycolytic rate were measured before and after hernodialysis in 25 patients on chronic hemodialysis. The prehemodialysis-resting 2,3-DPG level and P,, were elevated in accordance with the degree of anemia. The resting lactate and glycolytic rate were mildly elevated. Plasma and red cell pH increased significantly with dialysis. T...

Epstein-Barr (EBV) is a powerful immortalizing virus for human B lymphocytes in vitro and is associated with several human neoplasias in vivo. Previously, we have shown that the majority of EBV-infected cells in the peripheral blood of healthy, persistently infected individuals do not express the activated phenotype, e.g., high levels of cell surface CD23 and CD80 (B7), characteristically expre...