1. Oxidative metabolism have been studied by indirect calorimetry in 42 patients within the first 6 h after accidental injury. 2. The level of energy expenditure bore no relationship to the severity of the injury and varied more widely from patient to patient than in normal subjects. 3. After minor and moderate injuries the respiratory exchange ratio (mean 0 . 86) was not different from that in...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of specific compliance (static compliance/functional residual capacity) to adjust mean airway pressure, resulting in optimal gas exchange during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in a surfactant-deficient newborn piglet. DESIGN Prospective controlled animal study. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS Eight newborn piglets at 5 days of age. BACKGROUND High-fre...

BACKGROUND Etorphine, a potent opioid agonist, causes pulmonary hypertension and respiratory depression. Whether etorphine-induced pulmonary hypertension negatively influences pulmonary gas exchange and exacerbates the effects of ventilator depression and the resultant hypoxemia is unknown. To determine if these effects occurred we instrumented twelve goats with peripheral and pulmonary arteria...

Physiological ageing of the lung is associated with dilatation of alveoli, enlargement of airspaces, decrease in exchange surface area and loss of supporting tissue for peripheral airways ("senile emphysema"), changes resulting in decreased static elastic recoil of the lung and increased residual volume and functional residual capacity. Compliance of the chest wall diminishes, thereby increasin...

The incentive ratio measures the utility gains from strategic behaviour. Without any restrictions on the setup, ratios for linear, Leontief and Cobb–Douglas exchange markets are unbounded, showing that manipulating the equilibrium is a worthwhile endeavour, even if it is computationally challenging. Such unbounded improvements can be achieved even if agents only misreport their utility function...

PURPOSE In wheelchair racing, respiratory muscles of the rib cage are concomitantly involved in non-ventilatory functions during wheelchair propulsion. However, the relationship between locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC: the ratio between push and breathing frequency), respiratory parameters and work efficiency is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the LRC in ...

We tested a new portable metabolic system, the Jaeger Oxycon Mobile (OM) at a range of running speeds. Six subjects carried out, in random order, two incremental tests on a treadmill, one of them using the OM, and the other using the Jaeger Oxycon Pro (OP). There are systematic errors in the measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) with the OM. Production of...

Running economy is a reflection of the amount of inspired oxygen required to maintain a given velocity 10 and is considered a determining factor for running performance. Athletic footwear has been advocated as a mechanism by which running economy can be enhanced. New commercially available footwear has been developed in order to increase energy return, although their efficacy has not been inves...