The term Parkinson disease defines a specific clinical condition characterized by a typical history and characteristic signs. This review examines the historical evolution of the concept of Parkinson disease and how the misunderstanding of Parkinson disease may be hindering clinical research trials. It is proposed that this syndrome be called Parkinson diseases or parkinsonism type 1 through in...

Roy Davies’s book The Darwin Conspiracy contends that Charles Darwin plagiarized his theory of evolution from Edward Blyth, Patrick Matthew, and especially Alfred Russell Wallace. In support of these contentions, Davies offers evidence of similar terminology between Darwin and Blyth/Matthew and mail delivery schedules that allowed Darwin to take advantage of Wallace’s letters about evolution. C...

We give a proof of a theorem of Harrington that there is no orbit of the lattice of recursively enumerable sets containing elements of each nonzero recursively enumerable degree. We also establish some degree theoretical extensions.

The appearance of spinor fields as operators or arguments of field functionals in quantum field theory is often regarded as a second quantization, since fermion wave functions were themselves discovered by quantizing mass points (" particles "). I argue that this language, though reflecting the historical development, is misleading. Field amplitudes always represent the true physical variables ...