Resistance of mouse cells to the folate analog, methotrexate, results from selection of increasingly resistant cells on progressive increases of methotrexate in the culture medium. High-level resistance is associated with high rates of synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase and correspondingly high numbers of reductase genes. In some variants high resistance and gene copy number are stable in the...

The SLEEPY1 (SLY1) F-box gene is a positive regulator of gibberellin (GA) signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of SLY1 results in GA-insensitive phenotypes including dwarfism, reduced fertility, delayed flowering, and increased seed dormancy. These sly1 phenotypes are partially rescued by overexpression of the SLY1 homolog SNEEZY (SNE)/SLY2, suggesting that SNE can functionally...

A new procedure for analysis and selection of control structures is presented. In addition to the relative gain array (RGA) for the entire openloop system, the RGA for the system under partial control is considered. This partial relative gain (PRG) provides necessary conditions for a control con guration to be integral controllable with integrity. The PRG also solves the variable pairing proble...

The characterization and selection of molecular markers are important for genetic pre-breeding programs since they make it possible to choose the most appropriate be used in future research. Therefore, enabling generation subsidies genetic-molecular studies algabora (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC). amplification profile was characterized. It generated from 17 pairs RGA primers (Resistance Gene An...

The nuclear DELLA proteins are highly conserved repressors of hormone gibberellin (GA) signaling in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GA derepresses its signaling pathway by inducing proteolysis of the DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). SLEEPY1 (SLY1) encodes an F-box-containing protein, and the loss-of-function sly1 mutant has a GA-insensitive dwarf phenotype and accumulates a high level o...

A recently-derived alternative method for computing the relative gain array (RGA) singular and/or non-square systems has been proposed, which provably guarantees unit invariance. This property is not offered by conventional that uses Moore-Penrose (MP) pseudoinverse. In this paper, we note absence of scale-invariance MP-RGA does *necessarily* imply a practical disadvantage in real-world applica...

This article reports the genetic interaction of two F-box genes, SLEEPY1 (SLY1) and SNEEZY (SNE), in Arabidopsis thaliana gibberellin (GA) signaling. The SLY1 gene encodes an F-box subunit of a Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that positively regulates GA signaling. The sly1-2 and sly1-10 mutants have recessive, GA-insensitive phenotypes including delayed germination, dwarfis...