Polyploid cells, which contain more than two genome copies, occur throughout nature. Beyond well-established roles in increasing cell size/metabolic output, polyploidy can also promote nonuniform genome, transcriptome, and metabolome alterations. Polyploidy also frequently confers resistance to environmental stresses not tolerated by diploid cells. Recent progress has begun to unravel how this ...

Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling plays a significant role in protecting cells from endogenous and exogenous stresses. The development of Nrf2 knockout mice has provided key insights into the toxicological importance of this pathway. These mice are more sensitive to the hepatic, pulmonary, ovarian, and neurotoxic consequences of acute exposures to environmental agents and drugs, inflammatory stresses, a...

in arabic poetry, the device of repetition functions at two levels: form and meaning. in form, repetition makes for musical richness, and in meaning, it makes for emphasis. the present article is a study of repetition in “an address from the market of idleness” by palestinian poet samä«h al-qäsim. the poem depicts actual and possible palestinian sufferings inflicted by israelis and stresse...

Marine organisms in intertidal zones are subjected to periodical fluctuations and wave activities. To understand how microbes in intertidal biofilms adapt to the stresses, the microbial metagenomes of biofilms from intertidal and subtidal zones were compared. The genes responsible for resistance to metal ion and oxidative stresses were enriched in both 6-day and 12-day intertidal biofilms, incl...

Increasing global population, urbanization and industrialization are increasing the rate of conversion of arable land into wasteland. Supplying food to an ever-increasing population is one of the biggest challenges that agriculturalists and plant scientists are currently confronting. Environmental stresses make this situation even graver. Despite the induction of several tolerance mechanisms, s...

to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of l-carnitine on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out with 240 pieces of fish with average initial weight of 3.01±0.03 g for 10 weeks. experimental treatments were consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (respectively control, lc500, lc1000 and lc1800) mg l-carnitine per kg o...

Yeast cells respond to stress by mediating condition-specific gene expression changes and by mounting a common response to many stresses, called the environmental stress response (ESR). Giaever et al. previously revealed poor correlation between genes whose expression changes in response to acute stress and genes required to survive that stress, raising question about the role of stress-activat...

Background: Melanin is a negative charge hydrophobic complex pigment. Melanin is produced naturally in bacteria to protect them against UV, free radicals and environmental stresses. Pigment production in bacteria has more advantages than other biosources due to its rapid growth, higher efficiency and easier extraction. The aim of this study was the isolation, biochemical and molecular identific...