BACKGROUND Evidence associating exposure to water disinfection by-products with reduced birth weight and altered duration of gestation remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE We assessed exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy through different water uses and evaluated the association with birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm delivery. METHO...

In the early twentieth century, New York City’s population, developed land area, and subway network size all increased dramatically. e rapid expansion of the transit system and land development present intriguing questions as to whether land development led subway growth or if subway expansion was a precursor to real estate development. e research described in this article uses Granger causalit...

The variation of household attributes such as income, travel distance, age, household member, and education for different residential areas may generate different market penetration rates for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Residential areas with higher PHEV ownership could increase peak electric demand locally and require utilities to upgrade the electric distribution infrastructure ev...

Building density is an important issue in urban planning and land management. In the article, building coverage ratio (BCR) and floor area ratio (FAR) values extracted from high resolution satellite images were used to indicate buildings' stretching on the surface and growth along the third dimension within areas of interest in Shanghai City, P.R. China. The results show that the variation of F...

ABSTRACT Methane concentrations in Kano municipality have been attributed to the burning of solid and fossil fuels and industrial processes. Using an automatic gas sampling system, methane in the Kano atmosphere was determined. Its distribution in the municipality was skewed towards high frequency of low concentration with a mean and standard deviation of 0.61? 0.39 ?g/m3. Similarly the distri...

This study examines how the value of residential land and structures evolved during the great housing boom and bust using data on more than a million residential properties that were sold in ten metropolitan areas between 1998 and 2009. We use a hedonic estimator to disentangle the market value of land and structures at a local (census tract) level. Our estimates reveal substantial heterogeneit...

Jonsson, A. 2006. Planning for Increased Bioenergy use – Strategies for Minimising Environmental Impacts and Analysing the Consequences. Licentiate thesis. ISSN 1651-0720 There are several goals aimed at increasing the use of renewable energy in the Swedish energy system. Bioenergy is one important renewable energy source and there is a potential to increase its use in the future. This thesis a...

Based on topological analysis, an automatic detection method of residential area change is presented in this paper. Firstly, we demonstrated the importance of extracting residential area in remote sensing images accurately and automatically. Then, it is found that the old vector of the same region even at different time is useful to obtain the train samples. By applying old vector, we classifie...

BACKGROUND Over the past two decades, geographical accessibility of urban resources for population living in residential areas has received an increased focus in urban health studies. Operationalising and computing geographical accessibility measures depend on a set of four parameters, namely definition of residential areas, a method of aggregation, a measure of accessibility, and a type of dis...

To assess the impacts of different types of human activity on the development of resistant bacteria in the feces of wild small mammals, we compared the prevalences and patterns of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates from fecal samples collected from wild small mammals living in four environments: swine farms, residential are...