The current scientific scenario in India overemphasizes translational research without highlighting need to bring educational and training reforms that can enable such translational research. It is widely believed that there are two cycles of translation, namely T1 cycle which is characterised by bench to bedside approach and the T2 cycle which is characterised by bedside to bench approach. Bot...

Financing for global health is a critical element of research and development. Innovations in new vaccines are critically dependent on research funding given the large sums required, however estimates of global research investments are lacking. We evaluate infectious disease research investments, focusing on immunology and vaccine research by UK research funding organisations. In 1997-2010, £2....

Does it pay to invest in IT? Research over the last two decades has resulted in mixed findings. While many studies have shown a positive and significant relationship between IT investments and firm productivity and performance measures, the question of causality remains: Do higher IT investments contribute to better performance or does better performance contribute to higher IT investments? In ...

BACKGROUND Reviews of peer-reviewed health studies have highlighted problems with their methodological quality. As published health studies form the basis of many clinical decisions including evaluation and provisions of health services, this has scientific and ethical implications. The lack of involvement of methodologists (defined as statisticians or quantitative epidemiologists) has been sug...

The drug development and approval process is time-consuming, risky, and potentially costly enough to preclude the development and marketing of treatments for rare disorders. The case of alglucerase, an expensive new therapy for the uncommon inherited disorder called Gaucher disease, illustrates how the Federal Government can help manufacturers overcome critical scientific, financial, and regula...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Despite the investments being made to develop biobanks, African Americans are under-represented in genomic studies. We identified factors having significant independent associations with intentions to donate personal health information and blood and/or tissue samples to a biobank in a national random sample of African Americans (n = 1,033). METHODS We conducted a national surv...

Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Knowledge and Institutions (SASKI) is a thematic group that promotes sustainable agricultural production, processing and marketing systems through gender-responsive knowledge institutions within the Rural Development Family of the World Bank. Agriculture is defined to include crop, livestock and aquaculture. iii Contents

This paper deals with R&D priority setting. It advocates for the introduction of strategic capital budgeting methodologies that will unite the hitherto largely independent processes of strategic planning and capital budgeting. Significant advances in economics and finance theory regarding valuing derivative securities, such as futures and options, and in computing power over the past twenty yea...

The business community demands payoff from Information Technology (IT) investment. However, both academic and trade literature report mixed results about the business value of IT. Several research and contextual issues might explain these equivocal results and suggest guidelines for future studies. This tutorial discusses these issues and provides directions for future research in measuring IT ...