Türk parlamento hayatı Osmanlı Devleti döneminde başlayan tarihsel bir süreci içermektedir. Devleti’nde bu Cumhuriyet varlığını güçlendirerek korumaya devam etmiştir. Türkiye’de parlamentolu hayat ilk olarak erkeklerin temsil edildiği alan ortaya çıkmış olsa da Cumhuriyet’in ilanının sonrasında kadınlar parlamentoda edilmeye başlanmıştır. Kadınların başlandığı dönem, 18 kadın milletvekili parla...

This article briefly introduces the rationale and content of a Special Issue Turkish Studies that reflects on Turkey’s past, present, future in light Republic’s centenary 2023. It suggests while Turkey can celebrate many accomplishments over last century, country continues to face number pressing political, economic, social challenges.

Abstract Despite the growth in scholarship on diverse religious communities Turkey, little attention has been paid to Twelver Shiʿi Muslims. Since founding of Republic, Turkish state's foundational secularist agenda attempted control and promote a single hegemonic form Islam, Shiʿa have faced continuous issues practicing their faith public as result. While liberalization past three decades allo...

well known and popular a work as Kinger's " Hand-book of therapeutics," to point out tliat it contains several additions which makes its possession desirable even if previous editions are in hand. One novel feature is a brief sketch of the symptoms of disease from a therapeutic point of view?of the indications for treatment afforded by the tongue, pulse, skin, temperature, &c. This is very well...

1Department of Anaesthesia and IntensiveMedicine, 1stMedical Faculty, CharlesUniversity in Prague andGeneralUniversityHospital, Ulice Nemocnice 2, 120 21 Prague, Czech Republic 2Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK 3Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242-1009, USA 4Department of Anesthesiology and Reanima...