WEST, Inc. (2006) reported on the first year of fatality monitoring in the Diablo Winds Energy Project, which replaced 169 vertical axis wind turbines with 31 larger horizontal axis wind turbines in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA). WEST, Inc. also compared bird utilization and mortality in the project area to utilization and mortality reported by Smallwood and Thelander (2004) acro...

In this work a response surface approach was used for predicting the hill chart of a small horizontal shaft Kaplan turbine. To this aim, artificial neural networks (ANN) were chosen as a fast, reliable, and computationally inexpensive tool. The training of the ANN was based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The optimization of the runner-guide vane stagger correlation is a time consuming a...

Circular economy and renewable energy infrastructure such as offshore wind farms are often assumed to be developed in synergy part of sustainable transitions. Offshore is among the preferred technologies for low-carbon energy. Deployment forecast accelerate over ten times faster than onshore between 2021 2025, while first generation turbines about decommissioned. However, growing scale brings n...

.............................................................................................................................................. ix Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................

The transition to zero carbon energy is essential avoid runaway climate change (IPCC, 2018). However, the expansion of renewable infrastructure (EI) required achieve this poses a challenge wildlife conservation due collision and electrocution risks, particularly for birds other aerial taxa (Bernardino et al., 2018a; Kiesecker 2019; Marques 2014). European, onshore wind capacity projected grow f...