Not long ago, the ability of the brain to restore function through regeneration of neural elements was thought to be nonexistent. It is now known that not only does some regenerative capacity exist, but implanted cells can integrate into the host brain, survive, and reverse neurological deficits. Neural stem cells, fetal transplants, immortalized cell lines, and bone marrow stromal cells show p...

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphated derivative DHEAS are the most abundant circulating steroids, and are derived from the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex. The foetal adrenals synthesise signi®cant quantities of DHEA, but production of this steroid falls postnatally. The onset of adrenarche (between the ages of 6 and 8 years) is characterised by increasing biosynthesis of DHEA...

Acute renal failure refers to sudden deterioration in biochemical and physiological functioning of kidneys and often associated with multi organ failure. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) holds special significance for the treatment of renal failure due to a variety of factors. It is believed that CRRT helps in restoration of acid-base imbalances and electrolyte abnormalities. Along w...

Case Presentation: A 56-yearold farmer who experienced a transmural anterior myocardial infarction (MI) 3 years ago was referred for evaluation of progressive dyspnea and fatigue. During the acute phase of MI, he was treated with fibrinolysis, as primary angioplasty was not available at his local hospital. Angiography performed 3 months after MI revealed occlusion of the left anterior descendin...

Pasteurization or boiling of milk would eliminate brucellosis except in those whose work brings them in contact with infected animals or their carcases, and laboratory workers. Complete eradication of the disease in humans depends on its eradication in animals. This has been achieved in Norway as a result of laws which stated that aborting animals must be reported and tested, and that the owner...

OBJECTIVE Most physicians believe that estrogen replacement therapy is contraindicated once a patient is diagnosed with breast cancer. Recently, several studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy may be safely used in patients with early breast cancer that has been treated successfully. These women can have severe menopausal symptoms and are at risk for osteoporosis. We reviewed the c...

Acute kidney injury is an important clinical condition particularly in the intensive care unit. It develops in as many as two-thirds of critically ill patients during the course of their illness and constitutes a significant independent risk factor for death. About 5% patients admitted to an ICU will eventually require renal replacement therapy. In these patients, in-hospital mortality is extre...

Several comprehensive accounts of postmenopausal hormone replacement treatment have been published in the United Kingdom in the past year`so in this review we concentrate on areas which, while often controversial, are of concern to the practising physician. We discuss the effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on the risks of developing coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, and c...

It is estimated that 75% of women are in an acute estrogen deficiency state within a few years after the onset of the menopause. Every woman inevitably reaches this phase except for a fortunate few who have some source of endogenous estrogens available to them. We believe it would be prudent to offer hormone replacement therapy to every woman with symptoms of the menopause, and to those in whom...