[1] Siebner HR, Auer C, Conrad B. Abnormal increase in the corticomotor output to the affected hand during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in patients with writer’s cramp. Neurosci Lett 1999;262:133e6. [2] Hallett M. Neurophysiology of dystonia: the role of inhibition. Neurobiol Dis 2011;42:177e84. [3] Borich MR, Arora S, Kimberley TJ. Lasting effects of...

Recent advances of transcranial magnetic stimulation can provide new methods to elucidate the mechanism of higher brain function or cortical plasticity. For example, transcranial magnetic stimulation can produce transient disruption of the visual perception or modulation of cortical functions. Probably, the induced eddy current in the brain disturbs the information processing from external sign...

Self-other discrimination is a crucial mechanism for social cognition. Neuroimaging and neurostimulation research has pointed to the involvement of the right temporoparietal region in a variety of self-other discrimination tasks. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right temporoparietal area has been shown to disrupt self-other discrimination in face-recognition tasks...

Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be viewed as a pathology of neuroadaptation. The pharmacological overstimulation of neural mechanisms of reward, motivated learning and memory leads to drug-seeking behavior. A critical characteristic of SUDs is the appearance of craving, the motivated desire and urge to use, which is a main focus of current pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Recent pro...

Modulation of activity in the left temporoparietal area (LTA) by 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) results in a transient reduction of tinnitus. We aimed to replicate these results and test whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of LTA could yield similar effect. Patients with tinnitus underwent six different types of stimulation in a random order: 10-Hz ...

Human movement sense relies on both somatosensory feedback and on knowledge of the motor commands used to produce the movement. We have induced a movement illusion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex and dorsal premotor cortex in the absence of limb movement and its associated somatosensory feedback. Afferent and efferent neural signalling was abolished ...

High- (?5Hz), but not low-frequency (?1Hz) rTMS (repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) of the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) can induce transient analgesic effects [5]. However, impact TMS frequency and pulse number remains poorly understood may present an opportunity to optimise efficacy promote long-term effects. Prior work indicated that a single session consisting 2,000, 50...

BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent illness, affecting 10-15% of new mothers. PPD is the most common complication of childbirth and is a significant public health concern. It is known to adversely impact maternal-infant bonding, childrearing practices, and can lead to suicide and infanticide. The current treatment approaches to PPD are suboptimal. Many mothers are reluctant to...

This guidance represents the view of NICE, arrived at after careful consideration of the evidence available. When exercising their judgement, healthcare professionals are expected to take this guidance fully into account. However, the guidance does not override the individual responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of the individual patient,...

Scalp recordings of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been used in association with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) investigations as a safety measure in monitoring ongoing EEG activity and as a neurophysiologic tool in examining the specific effects induced by the magnetic stimulus on the EEG or evoked potentials (EPs). Medline review on the use of EEG or EPs with rTMS re...