The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin following single oral doses of 500 and 750 mg in 32 patients with various degrees of renal function impairment were investigated in an open, randomized crossover fashion. Ciprofloxacin was administered after overnight fasting; the washout time between the two doses was 1 week. Serum and urine samples were collected serially between 0 and 24 h and subjected ...

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) can mediate metformin transmembrane transport. We explored metformin pharmacokinetics in relation to genetic variations in OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, OCTN1, and MATE1 in 103 healthy male Caucasians. Renal clearance varied 3.8-fold and was significantly dependent on creatinine clearance (r(2) = 0.42, P < 0.0001), age (r(2) = 0.09, P = 0.002), and OCT1 polymorphisms. Car...

background serum creatinine as a classic marker of renal function has several limitations in the detection of renal dysfunction. objectives this study assessed the validity of serum cystatin c as a marker of renal function in critically ill patients with normal serum creatinine. patients and methods eighty adult patients referred to intensive care units with serum creatinine levels < 1.5 mg/dl ...

The single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered cefoperazone (2.0 g) and sulbactam (1.0 g) were studied in normal subjects and in patients with various degrees of renal failure. In an open, parallel experimental design, six normal subjects (creatinine clearance, greater than 90 ml/min), two patients with mild renal failure (creatinine clearance, 31 to 60 ml/min), eight patients w...

Drug-dose modification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) utilizes glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with the implicit assumption that multiple renal excretory processes decline in parallel as CKD progresses. We compiled published pharmacokinetic data to evaluate if GFR predicts renal clearance changes as a function of CKD severity. For each drug, we calculated ratio of renal clearance to filtratio...

Mild renal impairment is an important risk factor for late cardiovascular complications. This substudy of the Lescol Intervention Prevention Study (LIPS) assessed the effect of fluvastatin on outcome of patients who had renal dysfunction and those who did not. Complete data for creatinine clearance calculation (Cockcroft-Gault formula) were available for 1,558 patients (92.9% of the LIPS popula...

INTRODUCTION- Cardiovascular disease has emerged as a major health burden worldwide with coronary artery disease [CAD] causing highest mortality and morbidity. Coronary revascularization is the preferred treatment for patients with multivessel CAD. Based on the application of cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB], Coronary revascularization can be on-pump [OPCAB] or off-pump [CABG].The CPB is known to h...

BACKGROUND A loss of intestinal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has been shown in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Since GAGs are involved in the regulation of renal protein filtration and GAGs disruption is associated with anionic proteinuria, we examined whether changes in the selectivity of renal protein filtration occur in IBD. METHODS From 46 patients with IBD (17 with Crohn's disease (CD), ...