In the past 10 years, the treatment options for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) underwent some major changes. After relying on injectable interferon-beta preparations for quite some time, the advent of the first monoclonal antibody, natalizumab, followed by the first oral drug, fingolimod, improved the outcome of these patients and the possibilities to treat them mor...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF; also known as gastro-resistant DMF) on MRI lesion activity and load, atrophy, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) measures from the Comparator and an Oral Fumarate in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (CONFIRM) study. METHODS CONFIRM was a 2-year, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of DM...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder that disproportionately affects middle-aged women, and capable of resulting in severe disability. However, the use disease-modifying therapies has profoundly contributed to improvement morbidity disorder. Diroximel fumarate (DRF) a second-generation drug seen success treatment relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). While its relatively mil...

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neuro-autoimmune disease that can be stratified into relapsing remitting (RR) MS, secondary progressive (SP) and primary (PP) MS. B cells have both inflammatory regulatory functions in Transitional are considered to BAFF APRIL, two cytokines, signals through the receptors BAFFR, TACI BCMA thought drive function of transitional cells. Here, we a...

Objective—To evaluate the cost-eVectiveness of interferon beta-1b (IFâ-1b) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods—Construction of a cost-eVectiveness model using published data on IFâ-1b eVectiveness and the natural history of RRMS, and new data on costs and quality of life (QoL) from a sample of 102 patients with RRMS and resident in northern England. Results—Poorer QoL was...

BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies to improve ambulatory function in disabled subjects with multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES Assess the effects of natalizumab on ambulatory function in disabled subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed ambulatory function as...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interferon beta-1b (IFbeta-1b) for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS Construction of a cost-effectiveness model using published data on IFbeta-1b effectiveness and the natural history of RRMS, and new data on costs and quality of life (QoL) from a sample of 102 patients with RRMS and resident in northern England. RESULTS P...

Cognitive impairment (CI) is common and debilitating in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, little is known about how different disease courses affect CI, impeding prognosis and disease management. Here, we contrasted the magnitude and profile of CI measured with standardized neuropsychological tests in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) against relapsing-remitti...

Clinicians are expected to select a therapy based on their appraisal of evidence on benefit-to-risk profiles of therapies. In the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), evidence is typically expressed in terms of risk (proportion) of event, risk reduction, relative and hazard rate reduction, or relative reduction in the mean number of magnetic resonance imaging lesions. In...