Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is parasomnia characterized by REM sleep without atonia (RWA) and elaborate motor activity in association with dream mentation. Periodic leg movement during sleep (PLMS) is observed in a large share of patients with RBD, suggesting a common pathology: dopaminergic dysfunction. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and mech...

The early literature suggests that hypoventilation in infants with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is less severe during rapid eye movement (REM) than during non-REM (NREM) sleep. However, this supposition has not been rigorously tested, and subjects older than infancy have not been studied. Given the differences in anatomy, physiology, and REM sleep distribution between infan...

Objective: Rapid Eye Movement (REM) rebound is a polysomnographic phenomenon where a substantial increase in REM sleep is noted in patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) when first undergoing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration. The objectives of this study are to determine: 1) the percentage of patients experiencing REM rebound during CPAP titrations, 2) to quan...

Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in neurons projecting to skeletal muscle blood vessels increases during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, substantially exceeding SNA of non-REM (NREM) sleep and quiet wakefulness (QW). Similar SNA increases to cerebral blood vessels may regulate the cerebral circulation in REM sleep, but this is unknown. We hypothesized that cerebral SNA increases during phasic R...

Both periorbital integrated potentials (PIPs) and middle ear muscle activity (MEMAs) were recorded in a sample of normal male veterans. Activity measures were constructed for each REM period and for the 10 min preceding and following each REM period. PIPs and MEMAs displayed high levels of internight reliability. PIPs were more abundant than MEMAs; in REM the average PIP rate was almost 8 times...

Serotonin type 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor-responsive neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTn) become maximally active immediately before and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. A prevailing model of REM sleep generation indicates that activation of such neurons contributes significantly to the generation of REM sleep, and if correct then inactivation of such neurons ought to supp...

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is an important component of the natural sleep/wake cycle, yet the mechanisms that regulate REM sleep remain incompletely understood. Cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine tegmentum have been implicated in REM sleep regulation, but lesions of this area have had varying effects on REM sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the role of cholinergic neurons in...

1423 Stage Transition Mechanism for Ultradian Rhythm—Kishi et al neurons themselves. Although further modifications of the original reciprocal interaction model, e.g., the incorporation of selfinhibitory cholinergic autoreceptors and excitatory interactions between cholinergic and non-cholinergic REM-on neurons, have been proposed over the past 30 years with new findings of synaptic details of ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate REM sleep parameters, especially the temporal characteristics of rapid eye movement activity, in depressed patients, and to compare three different methods for scoring of REM density. The sleep of 15 nonmedicated depressed patients and 13 healthy controls was recorded during two consecutive nights. Sleep recordings were scored by raters blinded to the diagno...