OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of timing of surgery on the long-term clinical outcome of surgery in chronic pancreatitis (CP). DESIGN Cohort study with long-term follow-up. SETTING Five specialized academic centers. PATIENTS Patients with CP treated surgically for pain. INTERVENTIONS Pancreatic resection and drainage procedures for pain relief. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain relief (pai...

We investigated the effect of delay before nerve repair on neuropathic pain after injury to the brachial plexus. We studied 148 patients, 85 prospectively and 63 retrospectively. The mean number of avulsed spinal nerves was 3.2 (1 to 5). Pain was measured by a linear visual analogue scale and by the peripheral nerve injury scale. Early repair was more effective than delayed repair in the relief...

Humans perceive shape in two-dimensional shaded images, and turning such an image upside down can result in inversion of the relief of this image. Previous research indicates that this inversion is caused by assumptions related to overhead illumination, global convexity and viewpoint above the surface. In our article, we describe the inverted waves effect, in which turning an image of waves ups...

UNLABELLED The magnitude of the effect size of an analgesic intervention can be influenced by several factors, including research design. A key design component is the choice of the primary endpoint. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the assay sensitivity of 2 efficacy paradigms: pain intensity (calculated using summed pain intensity difference [SPID]) and pain relief (calculated...

We analyze the effects of a debt relief, that is, decrease in public low-income country financed by high-income country, on environmental quality. Under perfect mobility assets, relief increases overall capital stock, and quality when abatements are sufficiently efficient. Welfare both countries can also improve. weak does no more increase richest but This comes from crowding-out effect which t...

A prospective study of elbow aspiration was performed to assess the effect of this procedure on pain relief and function following Type I and II fractures of the radial head. Aspiration of the haemarthrosis produced dramatic pain relief in 77% of elbows thus treated. Earlier return of function was also noted for these elbows compared to controls. We recommend elbow aspiration for patients with ...

The proposal that climate change can drive the uplift of mountain summits hinges on the requirement that glacial erosion significantly enhances the relief of a previously fluvially sculpted mountain range. We have tested this hypothesis through a systematic investigation of neighbouring glaciated and nonglaciated drainage basins on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada, CA. We present a simple,...