The authors evaluated empirical research addressing the relationship between induced abortion and women's mental health. Two issues were addressed: (a) the relative risks associated with abortion compared with the risks associated with its alternatives and (b) sources of variability in women's responses following abortion. This article reflects and updates the report of the American Psychologic...

OBJECTIVE To compare the relative importance on adolescent smoking of the influence from parental smoking and peer smoking. METHOD National New Zealand crosssectional survey of 14,936 female and 14,349 male Year 10 students (aged 14 and 15 years) who answered an anonymous self-administered questionnaire in November 2002. RESULTS Adolescents with both parents smoking had the highest smoking ...

BACKGROUND Reduction of measles incidence and mortality has been encouraging in China. However, it remains an important public health concern among infants. This study aimed to examine the space-time distribution pattern of infant measles occurrence for the period of 1999-2008 in Shandong, China. METHODS AND FINDINGS Measles cases among infants aged younger than 1 year were obtained from the ...

BACKGROUND Cohort study survival analysis does not take into account the age at which an individual dies, but rather the age throughout which the individual has been included in the follow-up. This study is aimed at assessing the resulting differences in the calculation of the relative risk (RR) when the age is used instead of follow-up as a timescale in the chronic diseases survival analysis. ...

Results Anecdotalreports indicate thatconventional and atypical antipsychotics can cause diabetesmellitus. However, retrospective studies cannot reliablyquantify this association, as they do not adequatelycontrol for confounding risk factors fordiabetes, or for variation in detection and diagnosis of this illness.Most studies report a higher rate of diabetes in patientswho use antipsychoticmedi...

Previous studies have consistently found strong positive associations between refined sugar intake and Crohn's disease (CD) and recently between smoking and CD. As refined sugar intake and smoking are themselves associated we have enquired about smoking and added sugar intake (AS) and smoking in CD using a postal questionnaire sent to 104 CD patients and 153 community controls. Smoking and AS w...

Diet and chronic inflammation of the colon have been suggested to be risk factors in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The possible link between inflammatory potential of diet, measured through the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and CRC has been investigated in several populations across the world. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on studies exploring this asso...

The media plays a vital role in informing the public about new developments in cancer research and influencing cancer policy. This is no easy task, in view of the myriad of trials and wonder drugs that purport to be the 'magic bullet'. However, misrepresentation can have profound consequences. In this qualitative study, we sought to understand the interaction between the media and cancer throug...

Of 252 male lung cancer patients, 248 or 98% were cigarette smokers, significantly (P less than .001) more than in the control group (526 = 64% of 839). In relation to the relative risks (RR) of never-smokers, the adjusted (for age, total years smoked, and average number of cigarettes smoked per day) lung cancer RR for smokers who had exclusively smoked cigarettes belonging to group II (15-24 m...

This paper provides an overview on the impacts of food aid. We consider its effects on consumption, nutrition, food markets and labour supply, as well as the extent to which it exacerbates or mitigates conflict. We also consider the comparative evidence on alternatives to food aid including evidence on cost, impact, relative risks and beneficiary preferences. We note that there are two large ga...