We discuss recent work on the algorithmic analysis of systems involving recursion and probability. Recursive Markov chains extend ordinary finite state Markov chains with the ability to invoke other Markov chains in a potentially recursive manner. They offer a natural abstract model of probabilistic programs with procedures, and generalize other classical well-studied stochastic models, eg. Mul...

abstract: in this study, al 2 o 3 /eg and tio 2 /eg nanofluids as coolants have been used in the double-tube heat exchanger. the hot solvent inlet heat exchanger must be cooled down with a specified amount. we can use nanofluids as coolants in the heat exchanger for optimization of the heat transfer area. therefore, the efficacy of nanofluids as coolants is verified. furthermore, flow rate of c...

According to research examining self‐regulated learning (SRL), we regard individual regulation as a specific sequence of regulatory activities. Ideally, students perform various learning activities, such as analyzing, monitoring, and evaluating cognitive and motivational aspects during learning. Metacognitive prompts can foster SRL by inducing regulatory activities, w...

background: cryopreservation of mammalian ovaries has been reported with different levels of success. cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be a potential alternative for treatment of infertility and many attempts have been done to improve the efficiency of ovarian cryopreservation. the objective of the present study was to compare the direct cover vitrification (dcv) with ethylene glycol (eg)...

Critical pedagogy is regarded as an exhaustive system of learning through which learners' critical consciousness, self-regulation and autonomy, individuality, and learning achievements are promoted. Therefore, 60 Iranian upper- intermediate EFL learners (both male and female) from among 75 students based on their OPT test scores were selected. These participants were divided into a control grou...