We revisit Sakurai’s remark on the regularities of lepton-pair widths for mesons, extending the panorama to radiative X → γγ decays. The regularities persist, and somehow surprisingly some of them seem to relate with Fermi’s constant -or Z-. Back in 1978, Sakurai took the opportunity of a festscrift [11] to remark how the study of vector meson decays V → γ → ee, when extended to J/Ψ and Υ, seem...

Numerical information can be perceived at multiple levels of abstraction (e.g., one bird, or a flock of birds). The unit of input for numerosity perception can therefore involve a discrete object, or a set of objects grouped by shared features (e.g., color). Here we examine how the mere co-occurrence of objects shapes numerosity perception. Across three between-subjects experiments, observers v...

Three experiments asked whether phonotactic regularities not present in English could be acquired by adult English speakers from brief listening experience. Subjects listened to consonant–vowel–consonant (CVC) syllables displaying restrictions on consonant position. Responses in a later speeded repetition task revealed rapid learning of (a) first-order regularities in which consonants were rest...

The sensory input that we experience is highly patterned, and we are experts at detecting these regularities. Although the extraction of such regularities, or statistical learning (SL), is typically viewed as a cortical process, recent studies have implicated the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus. These studies have employed fMRI, leaving open the possibility that the MTL is...

Knowledge bases open new horizons for machine learning research. One challenge is to design learning programs to expand the knowledge base using the knowledge that is currently available. This paper addresses the problem of discovering regularities in large knowledge bases that contain many assertions in diierent domains. The paper begins with a deenition of regularities and gives the motivatio...

This paper exploits a unique panel dataset of Spanish manufacturing firms containing information on vertical restraints with retailers and wholesalers. This data reports detailed information on firm distribution systems and the type of vertical restraints that firms impose: Franchise fee, Resale price maintenance, Full-line forcing, Exclusive territories and Exclusive dealing, which is a rather...

In this paper we study how global optimization methods (like genetic algorithms) can be used to train neural networks. We introduce the notion of regularity, for studying properties of the error function that expand the search space in an artiicial way. Regularities are used to generate constraints on the weights of the network. In order to nd a satissable set of constraints we use a constraint...

The paper describes a method for extending domain models in classification learning by deriving new attributes from existing attributes. The process starts by finding functional regularities within each class. Such regularities are then treated as additional attributes in the subsequent classification learning process. The research revealed that these techniques can reduce the number of clauses...

Problem: distinguish chance regularities from causal regularities. Lewis’s solution: use ideal theory – promote those regularities to causal that, under reflective equilibrium, given all the evidence, retain their regularity under a nearest possible worlds account of counterfactuals Thus, R2: A causes B iff B is later than A and there is a constant conjunction of events of type A and type B in ...

During the 1970s, Barwise and Seligman took the situation-theoretic approach to information and took away much of the technical machinery for handling situations, relations and types, to produce an abstract mathematical account of information flow. Their motivating idea is that information flow is made possible by regularities in systems. Rather than develop machinery for analyzing those regula...