Mobile IP has been defined by Third Generation Partnership Project 2(3GPP2) to be the mobility solution for the next generation cellular networks. The Mobile IP related issues therefore become important and popular. Mobile IP provides the Mobile Node (MN) the ability of roaming around a foreign domain. An MN needs to register with its Home Agent (HA) through the attached Foreign Agent (FA) when...

the aim of this study was to examine the effect of new methods of management on creativity, self-efficiency and mobility of human resources in sport organizations. all top managers and heads of sport and youth office (sports bodies) in the province participated in this study. 37 top managers and 176 presidents and vice presidents of sports bodies were randomly selected as the sample. the multi-...

Mobile devices are becoming the primary platforms for many users who always roam around when accessing the cloud computing services. From this, the cloud computing is integrated into the mobile environment by introducing a new paradigm, mobile cloud computing. In the context of mobile computing, the battery life of mobile device is limited, and it is important to balance the mobility performanc...

heretofore several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network.our solutions decrease location update without loss of query success rate or throughput and even increase those.simulation results show that our methods are effectiv...

to perform an accurate approach to the spine specially for fracture stabilization a 3d model of spine surgical region may improve this mechanism and it can help the surgeon to have a deeper glance to this scenario. the pre-op planning facility is another advantage of the patient spine specific model to take a chance of making guides to direct pedicle screws safely and increase the pathomechanic...

Location management refers to the problem of updating and searching the current location of mobile nodes in a wireless network. To make it efficient, the sum of update costs of location database must be minimized. Previous work relying on fixed location databases is unable to fully exploit the knowledge of user mobility patterns in the system so as to achieve this minimization. The study presen...

We introduce an efficient protocol for end-to-end handoff management in heterogeneous wireless IP-based networks. The protocol is based on the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP), and employs a soft-handoff mechanism that uses end-to-end semantics for signaling handoffs and for transmitting control messages. The design goal of this protocol is twofold—first, to reduce the home registrat...

In order to provide a low latency IP handover for real-time mobile and/or pervasive computing service, the IETF has specified FMIPv6 protocol. However, in FMIPv6, if a prediction about a mobile node movement is erroneous, both large handover latency and packet loss result. This is because the handover is performed in reactive mode, when the prediction is found to be incorrect. In this paper, we...

Handover (HO) mechanism is one of the critical operations in Mobile WIMAX. It takes place when a mobile station (MS) moves from a serving base station (BS) to another BS.The handover procedure is comprised of several stages; network topology advertisement, MS scanning, cell selection, handover initiation and decision and network re-entry including ranging, authorization, authentication and re-r...

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Fast Handover (FHO) have been developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to address the IP mobility issues of roaming mobile devices, and to reduce handover latency due to link switching delay, movement detection and IP address configuration during MIPv6 operation, respectively. In an attempt to enhance the performance of MIPv6, the Hop-byHop Local Mobility ...