We empirically investigate the intertemporal risk-return relationship in U.S. housing market. Consistent with theoretical predictions Merton’s (1973) capital asset pricing model (ICAPM), national (regional) market displays a significantly positive between its conditional variance (covariance) and gains. Results provide empirical support for showing that risk-averse agents require higher returns...

While bringing multiple benefits for the environment, achievement of stringent global greenhouse gas emissions reduction target, like one outlined in Paris Climate Agreement, is associated with significant implementation costs and could impact different dimensions human well-being, including welfare, poverty distributional aspects. In this paper, we analyze impacts carbon pricing mechanisms con...

Understanding the knowledge of climate-change impacts on water-resources is a priority. This article goes step further with main objective this study to explore water-practitioners’ viewpoints regarding water supply-side and demand-side management measures in coping future climatic achieve urban security. Interviews were conducted water-professionals from regional authorities Queensland, Austra...

The option-pricing problem is always an important part in modern finance. Assuming that the stock diffusion is a constant, some literature has introduced many stock models and given corresponding option pricing formulas within the framework of the uncertainty theory. In this paper, we propose a new stock model with uncertain stock diffusion for uncertain markets. Some option pricing formulas on...

In this report we review a number of pricing concepts: at pricing, priority pricing, ParisMetro pricing, smart-market pricing, responsive pricing, expected capacity pricing, edge pricing and e ective bandwidth pricing. We provide a description of each method and the underlying assumptions. We outline advantages and disadvantages as seen by their authors. We hope that this collection provides th...

the study investigates consumers’ preference for cowpea reflected in the nigerian markets through price discounts and premiums that consumers pay for different cowpea characteristics. the price data used for this study were obtained through a market survey. a common data collection protocol was employed. every month, between october 2009 to december 2010, five cowpea samples per seller were bou...