Wildlife trade is a major pathway for introduction of invasive species worldwide. However, how exactly wildlife trade influences invasion risk, beyond the transportation of individuals to novel areas, remains unknown. We analyze the global trade network of wild-caught birds from 1995 to 2011 as reported by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora). ...

Regional convergence is one of the major goals of the European Union. In this paper, the intention is to augment the existing literature on regional convergence across the NUTS-2 regions of EU-27 in terms of agricultural labour productivity during the period 1995-2004. A low annual rate of absolute convergence is estimated for the NUTS-2 regions over the period 1995-2004. The rate of regional c...

The variety of labelling legislations of single European (EU) Member States hinders legal certainty for consumers. The standardisation pursued by EU Regulation 1169/2011 will at long last provide the 28 EU Member States with a common legislation. The present article carries out a summary benchmarking analysis of the new legislative framework.

the eu, which has its roots in the early fifties, in a short time reached nearly all aims to which the founders had refereed. establishing the major institutions and promoting its member states to cooperate in economic, social, political and recently in military issues, the eu is going to attain the old aspiration of the europeans, i.e., a united states of europe. in this regard, the conclusion...

Progress in regional convergence the EU has been uneven over last two decades. While Central and Eastern Europe catching up, Southern often lost ground, especially after global financial crisis. Furthermore, within most countries, gaps between large cities rural areas have widened. Some challenges to stemmed from worldwide factors – such as globalisation, digitalisation, warming, and, more rece...