Because they are most sensitive to atmospheric moisture content, radar refractivity observations can provide high-resolution information about the highly variable low-level moisture field. In this study, simulated radar refractivity-related phase-change data were created using a radar simulator from realistic highresolution model simulation data for a dryline case. These data were analyzed usin...

Spatially localized refractivity variations, mainly due to water vapor, are a major source of error in high-precision positioning techniques such as GPS and SAR interferometry. Refractivity induced delay variations can be misinterpreted as, e.g., crustal deformation signal or positioning biases. In this study, signal delay estimates based on SAR observations and simultaneous GPS time series are...

Tropospheric scintillation is caused by variations of refractive index due to turbulence. The only meteorological input parameter for two common current scintillation models by Karasawa et al. and by ITU-R is the monthly average of wet part of refractivity Nwet at ground level, which is not directly associated with turbulence. The diurnal correlation betweenNwet and scintillation variance is ve...

We visit the standard procedure for analyzing the optical spectrum of Ho doped tellurite glass has been studied. The glass was formed using a composition 79% Te O2 + 20% Li2 CO2 + 1% Ho O2. I density and refractive index were measured and used to calculate various physical properties such as, rare earth concentration, mean atomic volume, electric polarization, ionic radius, molar refractivity, ...

The Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) study is performed over a set of 15, 4-alkyl/aryl-substituted 1- [benzofuran-2-yl-phenylmethyl]-1 H-triazoles derivatives. This study is based on the application of physicochemical parameters in QSAR. The parameters include (MR (molar refractivity), MW (molecular weight), Pc (parachor), St (surface tension), D (density), Ir (index of refra...

CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) formed a satellite configuration for precise atmospheric sounding during the first activation of the GPS (Global Positioning System) radio occultation experiment aboard GRACE on 28 and 29 July 2004. 338 occultations were recorded aboard both satellites, providing globally distributed vertical profiles ...

TeO2-ZnO-La2O3 (TZL) ternary glasses were investigated in order to manufacture step-index optical fibers with low losses the near- and mid-infrared ranges superior mechanical properties. To identify appropriate TZL glass compositions for manufacturing, whole vitreous domain of diagram was explored by characterizing bulk samples from thermal point view. Investigations focused on understanding ho...

Bacteria used in self-healing of concrete crack need to be embedded into the concrete in the form of dormant spores. However, quantification of viable spores is still a challengeable task due to the lack of rapid, efficient and accurate methods. Considering that viable spores have a higher refractive index than vegetative cells and the refractivity issubject to decrease during the germination p...

In this paper, a complete and rigorous mathematical model for secondary surveillance radar systematic errors (biases) is developed. The model takes into account the physical effects systematically affecting the measurement processes. The azimuth biases are calculated from the physical error of the antenna calibration and the errors of the angle determination dispositive. Distance bias is calcul...

The GPS meteorology (GPS/MET) experiment, led by the Universities Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), consists of a GPS receiver aboard a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite which was launched on 3 April 1995. During a radio occultation the LEO satellite rises or sets relative to one of the 24 GPS satellites at the Earth's horizon. Thereby the atmospheric layers are successively sounded by...