This article describes a method to determine the anisotropic optical constants and surface coverage of molecular films using polarized attenuated total reflectance (ATR) absorbance measurements. We have extended the transfer-matrix formalism to describe birefringent and dichroic films in ATR geometries and have combined it with an iterative numerical procedure to determine the anisotropic value...

We introduce a new type of lens with two gradients refractive index (GRIN) and curvature (GRCU) iso-indicial surfaces, i.e., GRINCU. The inner structure the resembles that an onion. Each layer is meniscus infinitesimal thickness, which coincides surface characterized by conicoid shape constant index. internal distribution automatically adapts to external geometry. Here, we consider simplest cas...

Many LED lighting applications involve the design of multiple optical surfaces. A prime example is a single lens with two refractive In this paper, we consider an light source approximated as point and far-field target intensity. Using Hamilton’s characteristic functions, problem converted into generalized Monge–Ampère equations by deriving generating function for each surface. The generalizati...

The paper is partly based on research done for the EU-funded (IST2004-2.4.9) project ALIS (Automated Legal Intelligent System) on Intellectual Property Law. We describe the development process of the ALIS Intellectual Property ontology from both a legal and a technical perspective. We discuss the scope and the features of this IP ontology, the lessons learned, and the problems solved. This is d...

Quantum nonlinear interferometers (QNIs) can measure the infrared physical quantities of a sample by detecting visible photons. A QNI with Michelson geometry based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in second-order crystal is studied systematically. simplified theoretical model presented. The interference visibility, coherence length, equal-inclination interference, and equal-thickness f...

In this paper we investigate focusing properties of graded index (GRIN) photonic crystal (PC) structures which are composed of different materials with different refractive indices. GRIN PC structure is constructed from air holes in dielectric background. The holes radii are varied in the normal direction to the propagation in such a way that a parabolic effective refractive index is produced. ...

In this paper we demonstrate the possibility of modifying porous silicon (PSi) particles with surface chemistry and recognition molecules (antibodies) such that these devices could potentially be used for single-cell identification or sensing. This is achieved by modifying PSi Rugate filters via hydrosilylation with surface chemistry that serves firstly, to protect the silicon surfaces from oxi...

Waterproof and self-cleaning surfaces continue to attract much attention as they can be instrumental in various different technologies. Such surfaces are typically rough, allowing liquids to contact only the outermost tops of their asperities, with air being entrapped underneath. The formed solid-liquid-air interface is metastable and, hence, can be forced into a completely wetted solid surface...

When two surfaces confine water layers between them at the nanoscale, the behavior of these confined water molecules can deviate significantly from the behavior of bulk water, and it could reflect on the adhesion of such surfaces. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the role of confined water layers on the adhesion of hydrophilic surfaces and how sensitive this adhesion is to the presence ...