T legend of Florence Nightingale (1 820-19101, the reclusive Victorian reformer known primarily as the founder of modern nursing, continues to exercise a powerful hold on the popular imagination 12 decades aher her ret irement from public life. The legend recalls a series of specific images. all of which originated during her 21-month mission in the Crimea, 1854-1856. These images include visio...

The paper presents a comprehensive review of the current status integrated high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) and methanol steam reformer (MSR) systems. It highlights advantages limitations technology outlines key areas for future improvement. A thorough discussion novel designs optimizations aimed at improving performance reformer, as well different MSR-HT-PEMFC sys...

The steady–state operation of the autothermal reformer is simulated as two reactors in series by means of a detailed mathematical model. An input-output model is selected to describe the upper combustion chamber. The possible occurrence of homogeneous steam reforming and watergas-shift (WGS) reactions is considered. The catalyst bed is represented through a one-dimensional heterogeneous model, ...

SOFCs running on jet fuel reformates are attractive to NASA for its uninhabited aerial vehicle and low emission alternative power missions. The US military has interest in fuel cells due to their lightweight, zero emission and low acoustic signatures in strategic zones. Jet fuels, such as Jet-A and JP-8 are already on board in many applications. If they can be reformed and used in fuel cells, m...

Plasmatron fuel converters have been investigated for the conversion of a wide range of fuels. This is a paper of a series of papers describing an effort to investigate experimentally and computationally plasmatron methane reformers. This paper describes the fluid dynamics modeling of the plasmatron methane reformer, with the hope of understanding air/methane mixture and mixing rates in the reg...