Reproductive technology offers a bewildering number of options for infertile men and women to have children, including ovary and testis freezing, transplantation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), donor sperm, donor eggs, stem cells, gestational surrogacy, genetic diagnosis of embryos, and, of course, birth control. These technologies cut to the very core of personal and religious belief systems. T...

In an attempt to promote the development of understanding over rote memorization, writing in mathematics has received increased attention in recent years. In Calculus, the Rule of Three (based on communicating ideas through algebraic, graphical and numerical means) has been replaced by the Rule of Four in which writing plays a central role. Educators agree that the benefits of writing include t...

One of the important aspects in the design of social protection is coverage. In Peru, as in most Latin American countries, social security participation is compulsory only for workers in the formal sector. There is a large sector of the population for which participation is voluntary. This paper investigates the determinants of enrolment to the pension system in Peru. In particular, we found th...

Unfettered by such restraining influences as a clear view of the end results, in 1991 the government of the UK made a fundamental change to the administration of its 43 year old NHS. Previous reorganisations had merely tinkered with the machinery for cascading funds from the chancellor of the exchequer to the NHS foot soldiers. This time there was a revolutionary idea at the core. Right down to...

A CHARITABLE PURPOSE The history of tax exemption of healthcare organizations has implications for the future. Our nation's first healthcare facilities were exempt from the earliest tax laws because they were seen as clearly having a charitable purpose, providing care and shelter for the sick poor who had no place else to go. The tax code has never specified that healthcare organizations such a...

We study a card game called Mousetrap, together with its generalization He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not. We first present some results for the latter game, based, on one hand, on theoretical considerations and, on the other one, on Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we introduce a new combinatorial algorithm, which allows us to obtain the best result at least for French card decks (52 cards wit...