This chapter describes and assesses the new regime for regulating electronic communications services, which came into force in Europe in July 2003. The first two sections describe, respectively, the previous regime (the 1998 package) and the new regime. The third section discusses experience of the new system up to the end of 2007, 1 whereas the fourth evaluates its operation and the plans, alr...

Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: − to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus t...

This project, led and implemented by the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation Development (OECD), was carried out with financial support provided European Commission’s Directorate-General Structural Reform Support (DG REFORM), in close collaboration Hungarian Ministry of Culture Innovation (KIM) Accreditation Committee (MAB).This chapter analyses Hungary’s institutional landscape digital high...

Single-payer health care systems consist of publicly financed insurance that provides basic benefits for all citizens. The design is intended to achieve universal coverage and allow greater cost control. Many states have attempted to reform their systems around single-payer principles, but none succeeded until Vermont enacted a law in May 2011. In this article we describe how our team developed...

It is difficult to disagree with the general argument that successful health reform requires a significant degree of policy capacity or that all players in the policy game need to move beyond self-interested advocacy. However, an overly broad definition of policy capacity is a problem. More important perhaps, health reform inevitably requires not just policy capacity but political leadership an...

This study examines the effect of the Chapter 58 health care reform in Massachusetts four years after implementation on rates of coverage through employer-sponsored plans (ESI) and self-reported health status. It documents whether the relative increase in ESI coverage rates found in Massachusetts one and two years after the reform have persisted. A difference-indifference model is used to exami...

background: health is a national priority and it is always a duty of the government to establish a good and fair health system. the national heath care system reform program and evaluation of health system reform plan funding these programs were enforced by the honorable minister of health and medical education on may 5th, 2014. given the importance of this issue, the present study was conducte...

Customs reform in the 21st century for developing countries will principally be the redefinition of public and private sector roles. As customs moves from physical control to documentary compliance, the private sector can and will play a larger role in customs administration. The widespread use of Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) and Mexico’s innovative privatized second inspection illustrate thes...

urbanization development followed by increase in travel demand in recent years made some problems for cities such as traffic, lack of suitable parking, environmental issues, economic and social etc. meanwhile, public transport, especially bus services are very important in the development of urban functions thus, paying attention to different aspects of the transport in order to increase its ef...