This study aims to model delaminations in laminated composite beams by using the PeriDynamic Differential Operator (PDDO) and Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT). A cohesive zone is employed monitor delamination evolvement embedding an interfacial resin layer between two potentially separable material layers. PDDO calculates local derivatives their nonlocal forms produces highly accurate predictions fo...

It has been proposed recently that the topological A-model string theory on local toric CalabiYau manifolds has a two parameter extension. Amplitudes of the two parameter topological strings can be computed using a diagrammatic method called the refined topological vertex. In this paper we study properties of the refined amplitudes under the flop transition of toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. We al...

A theoretical mechanism is presented for the hologram of gravity. This principle turns the Big Bang-universe into an illusion. The keystone is described as refined time, which is combined with the relativistic time of General Relativity. The refined time is time smaller than the Plancktime, which is formulated in a set of formulas in the Double Torus Theory (DTT). This is a new cosmological the...