focus of narration is the perspective on which the author or narrator looks at his story. analysis of “focus of narration” and narrative techniques get an important role to discover consistent and accurate narrative structure in fiction. the gerard genette¢s theory of “narrative focus” is one of the techniques through which one can understand the ability of an author to form and shape his work’...

kashf al-mahjoub is the first persian independent mystical text, written by abu al-hasan ali bin osman al-jolabi al-hojwiri al-qaznavi which contains valuable information about different subjects of sufism. since one of the effective methods on which one can understand a sufi’s viewpoints and can figure out his ideology and even his anagogic and mystical psychology is to analyze his esoteric in...

Given the long roots of bay‘a (pledge of allegiance) in Islamic tradition and the controversial claim by the Islamic State (IS) to be a caliphate, the application of bay‘a to the group’s leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and his project is a contested issue among radical Islamists. Based on secondary literature and IS ideologues’ own writings, this paper analyses IS’s claims of validity in their ca...

Gonococcaemia with arthritis and dermatitis was described in 1903 by Silvestrini. Subsequent reports, almost all from North America, distinguished two syndromes-one benign, with a mild fever, arthralgia or arthritis, and skin eruptions, and the other a serious illness with often fatal endocarditis (Levin and Silvers, 1937; Reitzel and Kohl, 1938; Williams, 1938). After the introduction of penic...

Introduction During the course of archaeological research completed in the area of Bilad al-Qadim in the northeast of Bahrain in 2001, trial excavations and survey were undertaken at the spring of Abu Zaydan (N26 12¢ 24.5¢¢ E050 32¢ 50.7¢¢). The focus of this research project was to investigate the Islamic period on Bahrain, hence the remains recorded at Abu Zaydan were unexpected, comprising a...

one reading (qara'at) of asr sura, , which is inconsistent with other valid readings, has been attributed to ali (p.b.u.h). because this reading contains additions to the asr sura, its acceptation is not possible. a survey of two chains of traditions about this reading of the asr sura attributed to ali (p.b.u.h) shows that these traditions are of isolated type (khabar vahed). it also shows...

The main problem in this journal is how to interpret istiqomah the Qur'an according perspective of Abu Bakar Jabir al-Jazairi. purpose study find out interpretation verses based on al-Jazairi his Aisar at-tafasir li Kalamil 'Aliyyil Kabir. type research used library research. While data collection technique that author uses collect all regarding and then analyzes through term istaqoma. method m...