Abstract In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted thirteenth generation Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates previous with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, 2020.0, predictive linear secular variation 2020.0 to 2025.0. letter provides equations defining IGRF, spherical harmonic coe...

BACKGROUND Most work on the topic of activity landscapes has focused on their quantitative description and visual representation, with the aim of aiding navigation of SAR. Recent developments have addressed applications such as quantifying the proportion of activity cliffs, investigating the predictive abilities of activity landscape methods and so on. However, all these publications have worke...

A triplon refers to a fictitious particle that carries angular momentum $S = 1$ corresponding the elementary excitation in broad class of quantum dimerized spin systems. Such systems without magnetic order have long been studied as testing ground for properties spins. Although triplons found play central role thermal and magnets with singlet correlation, flow carried by triplons, current, has n...