This article aims to elucidate on usefulness of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) for photoreductive degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a representative perfluorinated compound (PFC), in water for the first time. Bench-scale tests were conducted on oxidative and reductive (with aquated electron: eaq ) mineralization of PFOA using low-pressure UV (LPUV) lamps and potassium iodide. Unlike with ...

The simple, low molecular weight, azodye acid yellow 9 (AY9) is electrochemically treated in a suitable electrolytic cell using NaCl as a supporting electrolyte, carbon fleece as cathode and platinated titanium as anode. Samples from certain time periods of treatment are analysed. HPLC-UV chromatograms demonstrate the degradation of the initial azodye, while diode array detector (DAD) spectra g...

The degradation of tetrachlorothene (PCE) and hexachloroethane (HCA) using Fe(II) and Fe(II)-citrate at different H(2)O(2) concentrations was studied to clarify the role of oxidation and reduction pathways in Fenton chemistry. The interactions between oxidative and reductive radicals, and the cyclic nature of the Fe(II)-Fe(III) ions make for a complex system that displays a suppression or enhan...

The degradation mechanism of phosphorescent-dye-doped polymer light-emitting diodes ~PLEDs! is investigated. The active medium of our PLED is a polymer blend comprising poly~vinylcarbazole! ~PVK!, @2-~4-biphenylyl!-5-~4-tert-butyl-phenyl!-1,3,4-oxadiazole# ~t-PBD!, and platinum~II!-2,8,12,17-tetraethyl-3,7,13,18-tetramethylporphyrin ~PtOX!. The cyclic voltammetry result shows that the reductive...

The anaerobic biodegradation of ferulate and benzoate in stabilized methanogenic consortia was examined in detail. Up to 99% of the ferulate and 98% of the benzoate were converted to carbon dioxide and methane. Methanogenesis was inhibited with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid, which reduced the gas production and enhanced the buildup of intermediates. Use of high-performance liquid chromatography an...

The development of chemical means of detoxification of pesticide wastes and spills is an increasingly important endeavor for the pesticide industry. The objective of this paper is to review some of the chemical degradation methods for pesticide decontamination that exist today. I n presenting each method, less emphasis has been put on technical detail of the method and more emphasis has been pu...

Owing to limitations of pump-and-treat, several technologies are being investigated for groundwater treatment. One of the most promising is the treatment of contaminants through the use of reactive barriers installed in situ, especially in the case of aquifers contaminated with chlorinated solvents. This work presents results of batch and column tests with metallic iron and some chlorinated sol...

A new sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from marine sediment with hydroxyhydroquinone (1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene) as the sole electron and carbon source. Strain HHQ 20 grew slowly with doubling times of > 20 h and oxidized hydroxyhydroquinone, lactate, pyruvate, ethanol, fructose, and ribose incompletely to acetate and carbon dioxide, with concomitant reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Cells ...

This article reports self-assembling dendrons which bind DNA in a multivalent manner. The molecular design directly impacts on self-assembly which subsequently controls the way these multivalent nanostructures bind DNA--this can be simulated by multiscale modelling. Incorporation of an S-S linkage between the multivalent hydrophilic dendron and the hydrophobic units responsible for self-assembl...