In the last few decades, finding alternatives to fossil fuels has become a hot issue across all international frontiers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has shed light on the feasibility of using biofuels to meet the growing energy demand as well as to reduce CO2 emissions which are a major cause of global warming, especially in the transportation sector. The...

Group technology (GT) has a great significance in the engineering industry. There is the greatest utilisation of GT in planning activities, especially in process planning and in layout machine design. GT is a manufacturing philosophy that has proved successful by grouping parts into families to speed production and reduce costs. In addition, the application of GT can lead to reductions of in-pr...

minimizing production costs for a certain amount of product is one of the main concerns for managers of agricultural and animal husbandry units. much of the cost of a unit of livestock (almost 75%) is related to methods of nutrition and ration. accordingly, using some methods to reduce costs, including methods of mathematical programming, is required. the linear programming model was used as th...

Much compliance effort concerns adherence to contracts. Controls are added to the business process to make sure the other party will fulfill his part of the contract. Controls have costs. In this paper we argue that fully automated controls help to lower control costs, because (i) they help to prevent misstatements (compliance by design) or (ii) they increase the quality of audit evidence and t...

According to the American Diabetes Association, the cost of treating diabetes in North Carolina was approximately $5.3 billion in 2006. Reigning in diabetes-related costs requires collaboration between third-party payers, health care professionals, and people with diabetes. This article reviews innovative policy changes that affect all 3 groups and are intended to improve diabetes-associated ca...