Factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chlorination filtrate recycle on toxicity and organically bound chlorine in the first two stages of softwood kraftpulp bleaching. The effects of the mode of chemical addition, the substitution of chlorine dioxide, and the kappa factor were also studied. A continuous laboratory-scale (6.0 o.d.g/min) chlorination apparatus was desi...

One of the main issues of nanotechnology is producing materials with new properties. Nanotechnology, as a powerful tool, has the ability to create evolution in the agricultural system and food–medicinal industries across the world. Producing a high-performance material from reclaimed cellulose material will increase motivation to recycle these materials at all phases of paper production and rem...

the purpose of this study was to look for carbon materials for composting with rabbit manure. rabbit manure was composted with rice straw and mushroom residues. during the composting process, different related parameters were evaluated. results showed that the rabbit manure could be normally co-composted with rice straw or with mushroom residues. the gi value showed that both composts could hel...

A pilot-scale modified Orbal oxidation ditch with internal recycle of the nitrified liquor was developed to significantly enhance total nitrogen (TN) removal through simultaneous nitrification/denitrification (SND) coupled with pre-denitrification under the aerated-anoxic condition. Long-term operational results showed that the highest TN removal efficiency was achieved at very low dissolved ox...

In this study a new and robust procedure is presented to solve synthesis of isothermal reactor networks (RNs) which considers more than one objective function. This <span style="font-size: 9pt; color: #0...

Developing more efficient integrated MSW management plans necessarily involves complex decisions where tradeoffs between environment performance and cost and must be carefully analyzed. For instance, how does the cost and environmental performance of a MSW management system change if we include or exclude a specific material (e.g., glass, paper, plastic, metal) from our recycling program? And s...

BACKGROUND About half of the orthodontists recycle and reuse orthodontic wires because of their costs. So when talking about reuse and sterilization of wires, their effects on mechanical properties of wires should be clarified. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sterilization and clinical use on mechanical properties of stainless steel wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty s...