BACKGROUND To identify predictors of acute and late rectal toxicity following prostate cancer radiotherapy (RT), while integrating the potential impact of RT technique, dose escalation, and moderate hypofractionation, thus enabling us to generate a nomogram for individual prediction. METHODS In total, 972 patients underwent RT for localized prostate cancer, to a total dose of 70 Gy or 80 Gy, ...

This Phase 1, randomized, two-site (United States), double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 18 sexually abstinent men and women. All received a single 300-mg dose of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and were then randomized 2:1 to receive single and then seven daily rectal exposures of vaginally-formulated tenofovir (TFV) 1% gel or a hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) placebo gel. Blo...

A 52-year-old man was referred to our institution with the presentation of rectal bleeding, and change in caliber of his stools. On rectal examination a solid mass was palpated in the prostate area. Transrectal needle biopsy and cytology showed a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Subsequent rectal ultrasound demonstrated a hypoechogenic lesion that appeared to be growing out of the muscularis pro...

OBJECTIVE Our goal was assessment of the preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma with MR with double surface coil, MR with endorectal coil, and intrarectal ultrasound (IUS) as correlated with histopathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with rectal carcinoma had preoperative evaluation using intrarectal ultrasound (all 15 patients), MR with double surface coil alone (6 pa...

A Müllerian adenosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor characterized by a stromal component of usually low-grade malignancy and by a benign glandular epithelial component. A Müllerian adenosarcoma occurs mainly in the uterus, but also in extrauterine locations. Extrauterine Müllerian adenosarcomas are thought to arise from endometriotic deposits. A 36-year-old female presented to Daegu Catholic Un...

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer involving the rectal wall is rare and may lead to diagnostic pitfalls. CASE PRESENTATION Out of 9504 patients with rectal tumors between January 2003 and January 2015, 9 patients (elderly with a mean age of 74 years) with prostate cancer involving the rectal wall were clinically misdiagnosed with rectal cancer. The lesions were located in the rectum, and included 3 ...

BACKGROUND Faecal impaction is frequently observed in children with chronic constipation. The term megarectum is often used to describe this finding. AIM To evaluate rectal functioning and rectal measures in constipated children with a filled rectum, in order to define the terms faecal impaction, enlarged rectum, and megarectum. METHODS All children underwent radiological investigation, col...

We investigated the distribution of residual cancer cells (RCCs) within different layers of the bowel wall in surgical specimens and the value of biopsies of primary rectal lesion after preoperative volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with concurrent chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Between April 2011 and April 2013, 178 patients with rectal cancer who received preoperative VMAT...

The use of rectal balloon in radiotherapy of prostate cancer is shown to be effective in reducing prostate motion and minimizing rectal volume, thus reducing rectal toxicity. Air-filled rectal balloon has been used most commonly, but creates dose perturbation at the air-tissue interface. In this study, we evaluate the effects of rectal balloon-filling materials on the dose distribution to the t...

PURPOSES The aim of this study was to evaluate a dual marker-based and soft-tissue based image guidance for inter-fractional corrections in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of prostate cancer. METHODS/MATERIALS We reviewed 18 patients treated with SBRT for prostate cancer. An endorectal balloon was inserted at simulation and each treatment. Planning margins were 3 mm/0 mm posteriorly. Pr...