The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-cuff hiking boots on gait kinematics and lower extremity muscle activities compared with standard trekking shoes. 16 participants walked on a treadmill at 0°and 12° inclination uphill with both, a high-cuff hiking boot and a standard trekking shoe. Kinematics was collected with a 12 camera IR system. The activities of the mm. tib. ...

We consider the multiplicative complexity of the inversion and division of bivariate power series modulo the \triangular" ideal generated by all monomials of total degree n + 1. For inversion, we obtain a lower bound of 7 8 n 2 ? O(n) opposed to an upper bound of 7 3 n 2 + O(n). The former bound holds for all elds with characteristic distinct from two while the latter is valid over elds of char...

Celestite/barite−replaced and phosphate−replicated tubes of Early Cambrian anabaritids from the northern part of the Si− berian Platform (Anabar Shield) give new evidence on the wall−structure of these enigmatic fossils. The walls consist of fibres, interpreted as reflecting an original aragonitic fabric. Bundles of fibres are arranged in growth lamellae, and the latter form an angle of at leas...

Donald Lamm*, Marc Colombel , Raj Persad , Mark Soloway , Andreas Böhle , Joan Palou , J. Alfred Witjes , Hideyuki Akaza , Roger Buckley , Maurizio Brausi j Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, BCG Oncology, Phoenix, Arizona, USA Department of Urology, Claude Bernard University, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France Department of Urology/Surgery, Bristol Royal Infirmary & Bristol Urolo...

Generalized mutual information (GMI) has become a key metric for bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system design and performance analysis. As residual phase noise (RPN) normally exists after imperfect estimation, the mostly used mismatched Gaussian receiver is suboptimal GMI analysis in noise. This letter thus analyzes of BICM systems using 8-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulations (QAM) pre...

We present a strategy to develop in a functional setting cor rect e cient and portable Divide and Conquer DC programs for mas sively parallel architectures Starting from an operational DC program mapping sequences to sequences we apply a set of semantics preserving transformation rules which transform the parallel control structure of DC into a sequential control ow thereby making the implicit ...

Social complexity and sustainability emerge from successful problem solving, rather than directly from environmental conditions. Social complexity develops from problem solving at all scales from local to national and international. Complexity in problem solving is an economic function, and can both support and hinder sustainability. Sustainability outcomes may take decades or centuries to deve...

The use of ebs t rec t dete types as a basis f o r designing experimental knowledge representa t ion systems is discussed. Abst rect dete types ere shown to heve features in common w i t h severe l d iverse representat ion formalisms ( e . g . semantic networks, frames and KLONE). For example, ebs t rec t data types have not ions analogous to concept, subconcept end i nhe r i t ance . The r e l...

Abst ract . A c -a utomaton is a part icularl y sim ple type of cellu la r automaton on a grap h; each cell is either in stale 0 or 1 and the next sta te of a cell is determined by addi ng the sta tes of it s neighbors modulo two . Using algebraic an d gra ph-theoretic techniques, questions such as reversibility and existe nce of predecessor configura tions of th ese automata will be st udied ....