Four reaction time experiments examined the mental rotation process using a psychological refractory period paradigm. On each trial, participants made speeded responses to both a tone (S1) and a rotated letter (S2), presented with varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). If mental rotation of the stimulus letter can proceed while central mechanisms are busy with S1, then the effect of orient...

We present a new methodology to derive faster composite operations of the form dP + Q, where d is a small integer ≥ 2, for generic ECC scalar multiplications over prime fields. In particular, we present an efficient Doubling-Addition (DA) operation that can be exploited to accelerate most scalar multiplication methods, including multiscalar variants. We also present a new precomputation scheme ...

Groundwater has been extensively exploited in the North China Plain (NCP) since 1970s, leading to various environmental issues. Numerous studies have utilized Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data analyze changes groundwater storage NCP provide valuable insights. However, low spatial resolution of GRACE posed challenges for its widespread application, there limited focu...

The notation and terminology used in this paper have been introduced in the following papers: [2], [7], [1], [3], [4], [5], [17], [11], [13], [6], [9], [14], [10], [8], [12], and [18]. One can prove the following propositions: (1) Let n, i be elements of N, q be an element of Rn, and p be a point of En T. If i ∈ Seg n and q = p, then |pi| ≤ |q|. (2) For every real number x and for every element...

Let S be a non empty 1-sorted structure, let E be a set, let A be an action of the carrier of S on E, and let s be an element of S. We introduce A a s as a synonym of A(s). Let S be a non empty 1-sorted structure, let E be a set, let A be an action of the carrier of S on E, and let s be an element of S. Then A a s is a function from E into E. Let S be a unital non empty groupoid, let E be a set...

Sixty mature (4 to 6 yr), nonpregnant, nonlactating beef cows of two breed types, Angus (n = 30) and Simmental (n = 30), were used in a four-period, split-plot study (371 d) to determine the seasonal differences in body composition. Periods were chosen to represent each of the four seasons in one year that ran consecutively from June 14, 1986 to June 20, 1987. Initially, all cows were assigned ...

The process of multiplication of mycobacteriophage B-1 in its host cell was studied by means of an improved technic of ultrathin sectioning. The appearance of the nuclear apparatus was not altered throughout the latent period. Phage-shaped dense particles appeared about 30 minutes after infection in less dense areas neighboring the nuclear apparatus and occasionally at the margin of the nuclear...

In a parity judgment task, the ERPs at parietal electrode sites become more negative as more mental rotation has to be executed. This article provides a review of the empirical evidence regarding this amplitude modulation. More specifically, experiments are reported that validate both the functional relationship between mental rotation and the amplitude modulation as well as the temporal relati...

We investigated whether concurrent processing of a tone (T1) interferes with early sensory-perceptual processing of a visual target (T2) in variants of the psychological refractory period paradigm using the event-related potential (ERP) method and 70-channel electroencephalographic recordings. T1, which required a speeded response, was presented in all trials. In half of the trials, T1 was foll...