We conducted a phase I-II clinical trial to test the hypothesis that removal of CD4 cells from an HLA-mismatched unrelated marrow graft would substantially reduce the risk of grades III-IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and that retention of a specified number of CD8 cells in the graft would be sufficient to prevent rejection. Patients were eligible for this study when an HLA-A, -B, or -DRB1–...

A disparity gradient limit explains why the maximum amplitude of sinusoidal disparity gratings increases with decreasing disparity spatial frequency. It also explains why the largest disparity for binocular fusion (diplopia threshold) varies directly with stimulus element separation. Does a disparity gradient limit also apply to the detection of cyclopean shape? A previous study addressed this ...

We investigated whether vertical-shear disparity was extracted from the whole visual field or from a more local area and how global estimates of vertical disparity are derived. We also investigated the role of cyclovergence in processing shear disparity. Random-dot stereoscopic displays in various configurations were presented with horizontal-shear disparity, vertical-shear disparity or same-si...

Previous studies have shown that spatial attention can shift in three-dimensional (3-D) space determined by binocular disparity. Using Posner’s precueing paradigm, the current work examined whether attentional selection occurs in perceived 3-D space defined by occlusion. Experiment 1 showed that shifts of spatial attention induced by central cues between two surfaces in the left and right visua...

Intelligent vehicle systems need to distinguish which objects are moving and which are static. A static concrete wall lying in the path of a vehicle should be treated differently than a truck moving in front of the vehicle. This paper proposes a new algorithm that addresses this problem, by providing dense dynamic depth information, while coping with real-time constraints. The algorithm models ...

It is now well established that depth is coded by local horizontal disparity and global vertical disparity. We present a computational model which explains how depth is extracted from these two types of disparities. The model uses the two (one for each eye) headcentric directions of binocular targets, derived from retinal signals and oculomotor signals. Headcentric disparity is defined as the d...

Disparity tuning measured in the primary visual cortex (V1) is described well by the disparity energy model, but not all aspects of disparity tuning are fully explained by the model. Such deviations from the disparity energy model provide us with insight into how network interactions may play a role in disparity processing and help to solve the stereo correspondence problem. Here, we propose a ...

Almost all existing 3D visual discomfort prediction models are based, at least in part, on features that are extracted from computed disparity maps. These include such estimated quantities such as the maximum disparity, disparity range, disparity energy and other measures of the disparity distribution. A common first step when implementing a 3D visual discomfort model is some form of disparity ...

Neurons selective for binocular disparity are found in a number of visual cortical areas in primates, but there is little evidence that any of these areas are specialized for disparity processing. We have examined the organization of disparity-selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT), an area shown previously to contain an abundance of disparity-sensitive neurons. We recorded e...

In this issue of Blood, Sorror and coworkers report that pretransplant comorbidities predict the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and associated treatment-related mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). aGVHD is induced by alloreactivity of donor T-cells against recipient (host) tissues. It requires genetic disparity between donor and recipient. Ti...