objective(s) the effect of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors has been the subject of some studies. there is evidence that testosterone modulates anxiety via gaba (gama aminobutyric acid) and gabaergic system. the involvement of gabac receptors in those effects of testosterone on anxiety-like behaviors of the rats was investigated in the present study. materials and methods a group of rats ...

introduction: renin angiotensin system has an important role in blood pressure and renal functions. active angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 converts angiotensin i into angiotensin-(1-7) which is a vasodilator hormone and interacts with nitric oxide changes as well as other angiotensin ii receptors. in this study we evaluated the role of mas receptor antagonist (a779) and renal perfusion pressure...

the role of microbiota in health and disease is the subject of rigorous investigation. several studies have demonstrated that microbiota and the pattern-recognition receptors contribute to intestinal tumourigenesis; the exact mechanism of which is still obscure. myd88 is the downstream effector of all toll-like receptors (tlrs) except tlr3. however, the alternative myd88-independent pathway is ...

objective(s): intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-a (hypocretin-1) antagonist has been shown to inhibit stress-induced analgesia. however the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been totally demonstrated. this study was performed to investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) orexin receptor 1 in stress-induced analgesia (sia). materials and...

objective(s): berberine is one of the main alkaloids and it has been proven to have different pharmacological effects including inhibition of cell cycle and progression of apoptosis in various cancerous cells; however, its effects on cancer metastasis are not well known. cancer cells obtain the ability to change their chemokine system and convert into metastatic cells. in this study, we examine...

conclusions traf6 plays an important role in the onset of colon cancer; therefore, drugs targeting it may have great clinical significance in the treatment of this disease. results the positive expression rate of traf6 in tumor tissues was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than in normal paracancerous tissues (18.5%). the positive expression rate of traf6 was significantly correlated with d...

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conclusions our findings showed that the genotype tt rs53576 oxtr, as well as t allele had significant differences in our population and play a protective role. therefore, it is suggested to place more interest on these oxtr in large populations and different ethnic groups. results the logistic regression analysis suggested no significant associations of oxtr single nucleotide polymorphism (snp...

adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. adenosine receptors have been detected: a1r, a2ar (a2ar), a2br, and a3r. a1r and a2r inhibit camp production, while a2ar and a2br stimulate camp product...