Introduction: The plethora of studies indicated that there is a cross talk relationship between harmaline and serotonergic (5-HT) system on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of hippocampal 5-HT4 receptor on memory acquisition deficit induced by harmaline.  Methods: Harmaline was injected peritoneally, while 5-HT4 receptor ago...

In the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of histamine, chlorpheniramine (H1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (H2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on visceral nociception induced by an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of acetic acid in rats. The latency time to the beginning of the first abdominal wall contraction (the first writhe) was recorded and th...

objective(s): intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-a (hypocretin-1) antagonist has been shown to inhibit stress-induced analgesia. however the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been totally demonstrated. this study was performed to investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla (rvm) orexin receptor 1 in stress-induced analgesia (sia). materials and...

abstract injection of sulpiride (d2 receptor antagonist, antipsychotic drug) into vmn hypothalamus, increased gastric volume secretion and decreased gastric ph. the present study the effect of sch23390 (d1 dopamine receptor antagonist) on the gastric acid secretion and its acidity were studied. 70 rats were divided into 7 groups: two control groups, two sham groups given medicine solvents, a sc...

introduction: oxytocin is a active neuropeptide of central nervous system. in this study the effects of naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) and yohimbine (α-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) on analgesic effect of oxytocin applied into the locus coeruleus (lc) nucleus were investigated. methods: adult male wistar rats were used. animals divided into different groups receiving saline, oxytocin...

background and objectives cannabinoids which are active compounds of marijuana show some pharmacological effects similar to the opioids. there are also functional interactions between both cannabinoid and opioid systems. in this study we investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in central amygdala and its interaction with opioid system.   methods in the present study, we investigated the ...

In this study, the influence of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by bac10fen has been examined in the formalin test. The GABA-B agonist bac10fen induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test in mice. The dopamine receptor agonists SKF 38393 and quinpirole also induced antinociception in both phases of the test. SKF 38393 but not quinpirole ...

objective: ecstasy, also known as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma), is a psychoactive recreational hallucinogenic substance and a major worldwide recreational drug. there are neurotoxic effects observed in laboratory animals and humans following mdma use. mdma causes apoptosis in neurons of the central nervous system (cns). withdrawal signs are attenuated by treatment with the adenosin...

the plethora of studies indicated that there is a cross talk relationship between harmaline and serotonergic (5-ht) system on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. thus, the purpose of this study is assessment the effects of ca1 5-ht4 receptor on memory acquisition deficit induced by harmaline. harmaline was injected peritoneally, while 5-ht4 receptor agonist (rs67333) and antagonist (rs23597-...