Reclaimed water quality has largely focused on meeting standards in the treated effluent. While the focus is well placed, reclaimed water may change before it is used at dispersed locations. Reclaimed water is a perishable product with a shelf life requiring packaging (i.e., piping) and preserving (with a disinfectant) during storage to minimize deterioration in quality. It typically contains h...

Following nosocomial cases of Legionella pneumophila, the investigation of a hot water system revealed that 81.5% of sampled taps were positive for L. pneumophila, despite the presence of protective levels of copper in the water. A significant reduction of L. pneumophila counts was observed by culture after heat shock disinfection. The following corrective measures were implemented to control L...

Traffic and census tract population projections are analyzed using ArcGIS to estimate future potable water demands for the City of Tucson, Arizona. The estimated demands are applied to Tucson Water’s current hydraulic model using Haestad Methods’ WaterGEMS software. The model is then used to determine what facility and piping modifications will be required to meet growth within current service ...

The structural integrity of seam-welded fossil high-energy piping has remained a major safety and operations-maintenance issue for US utility companies. Several failures of seamwelded superheat and hot reheat piping segments have occurred since 1992, two of them catastrophic. Advanced methods of inspecting piping welds with ultrasonic testing (UT), such as time-of-flight diffraction and focused...

The Michigan Safe Drinking Water Act (Act 399) was enacted in 1976 and enables the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to maintain the state's authority over drinking water in the state. The DEQ also contracts with local health departments to maintain non-community programs in each county. Private water wells throughout the state are clearly the most troublesome for users and reg...

The global economy is in turmoil. In this scenario, monetary policies around the world face strong challenges. Sailing through quiet waters has been pleasant. As we know, the stable and prosperous performance of the world economy in recent years has partly been the result of sound monetary policies. Now, during difficult times, monetary policy should contribute to make the adjustment less costl...

Power reactor oriented thermal-hydraulic research, from the safety viewpoint, has been dominated over the past thirty years by accident considerations. The postulated loss of coolant accident, and severe accident concerns, have been the focus of world-wide research programs whose cost is undoubtedly measured in excess of a billion dollars. Various actual accidents, notably Three Mile Island and...